第28章
《英语语法大全(简版)》第28章,页面无弹窗的全文阅读!
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).
16.4虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.
=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.
16.5特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
Itis (2)important that…+(should)do
(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required, demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do
(2)important,necessary,natural,strange
apity, ashame, nowonder
(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.
判断改错:
(错) Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.
(对) Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(错) Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.
(对) Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.
Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
16.6wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时
(be的过去式为were)
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时
(had+过去分词)
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could+
动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一样高。
Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。
Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)Wishtodo表达法。
Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)
16.7比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来。
16.8Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
16.9need"不必做"和"本不该做"
didn'tneedtodo表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.
needn'thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurried C.mustnothurry D.needn'thavehurried
答案D。needn'thavedone.意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn'thavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,"不可能已经"。