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# Line 1  Line 1 
1  <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
2    
3  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>  <title>What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
4    
5  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
6  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />
# Line 8  Line 8 
8  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9    
10  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11    <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
12    
13  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>  <h2>What is free software?</h2>
14    
15    <h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
16    
17  <p>  <p>
18  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
# Line 33  program's users have the four essential Line 36  program's users have the four essential
36    
37  <ul>  <ul>
38    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
39    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
40        it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a        does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
41        precondition for this.        code is a precondition for this.
42    </li>    </li>
43    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
44        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
# Line 97  as source code. Line 100  as source code.
100  <p>  <p>
101  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
102  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
103  run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash;  run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash; a
104  a practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or (through  practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or &ldquo;lockdown&rdquo;,
105  blacklisting) as &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a  or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as &ldquo;secure
106  theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom.  This is not  boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
107  sufficient.  In other words, these binaries are not free software  than a practical freedom.  This is not sufficient.  In other words,
108  even if the source code they are compiled from is free.  these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
109    compiled from is free.
110  </p>  </p>
111    
112  <p>  <p>
# Line 114  license is too restrictive to qualify as Line 118  license is too restrictive to qualify as
118  </p>  </p>
119    
120  <p>  <p>
121  Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions  Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
122  as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of  as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
123  releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be  releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
124  a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a  a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
# Line 157  someone else considers an improvement, t Line 161  someone else considers an improvement, t
161  </p>  </p>
162    
163  <p>  <p>
164  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
165  don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or  if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
166  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that &ldquo;if  versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
167  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
168  that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
169  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  modifications as yours.  As long as these requirements are not so
170  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
171  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
172  acceptable for the license to require that you identify  the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
173  your modifications as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified  </p>
174  version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send  
175  one.  <p>
176    Rules that &ldquo;if you make your version available in this way, you
177    must make it available in that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too,
178    on the same condition.  An example of such an acceptable rule is one
179    saying that if you have distributed a
180    modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
181    must send one.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
182    whether to distribute your version at all.)  Rules that require release
183    of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
184    are also acceptable.
185  </p>  </p>
186    
187  <p>  <p>
188  In the GNU project, we use  In the GNU project, we use
189  &ldquo;<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>&rdquo;  <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
190  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
191  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
192  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
193  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
194  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically  but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
195  ethical.  ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
 </p>  
   
 <p>  
 See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  
 for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo;  
 and other categories of software relate to each other.  
196  </p>  </p>
197    
198  <p>  <p>
# Line 278  manuals are in effect part of the softwa Line 285  manuals are in effect part of the softwa
285  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
286  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
287  such as educational works and reference  such as educational works and reference
288  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
289  example.  example.
290  </p>  </p>
291    
# Line 308  them if they like.</p> Line 315  them if they like.</p>
315    
316  <ul>  <ul>
317    
318    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.104&amp;r2=1.105">Version
319    1.105</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
320    (already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
321    version for your computing.</li>
322    
323  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
324  1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>  1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
325    
# Line 411  translations of this article. Line 423  translations of this article.
423  </p>  </p>
424    
425  <p>  <p>
426  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004,
427  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
428  </p>  </p>
429  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
430  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
431  preserved.  Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
432  </p>  </p>
433    
434  <p>  <p>
# Line 427  $Date$ Line 439  $Date$
439  </p>  </p>
440  </div>  </div>
441    
442  <div id="translations">  <!-- <div id="translations"> -->
443  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>  <!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
444    <!--  -->
445  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
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449  <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->  <!--      advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
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451  <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->  <!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
452  <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->  <!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
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461  <!-- Afrikaans -->  <!-- Afrikaans -->
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464  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li> -->
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537  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
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540  </div>  <!-- </div> -->
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