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-revision 1.92 by rms,
Tue Mar 30 05:22:50 2010 UTC
+revision 1.105 by rms,
Wed Aug  3 19:27:40 2011 UTC
 Line 33 
 program's users have the four essential
  <ul>
    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
-   <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make
+   <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
-       it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
+       does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
-       precondition for this.
+       code is a precondition for this.
    </li>
    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
        (freedom 2).
 Line 97 
 as source code.
  <p>
  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
- run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash;
+ run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash; a
- a practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or (through
+ practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or &ldquo;lockdown&rdquo;,
- blacklisting) as &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a
+ or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as &ldquo;secure
- theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom.  This is not
+ boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
- sufficient.  In other words, these binaries are not free software
+ than a practical freedom.  This is not sufficient.  In other words,
- even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
+ these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
+ compiled from is free.
  </p>
  <p>
-Line 114 
 license is too restrictive to qualify as
+Line 115 
 license is too restrictive to qualify as
  </p>
  <p>
- Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions
+ Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
  as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
  releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
  a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
-Line 157 
 someone else considers an improvement, t
+Line 158 
 someone else considers an improvement, t
  </p>
  <p>
- However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
+ However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
- don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
+ if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
- your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that &ldquo;if
+ versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
- you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
+ Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
- that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
+ name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
- such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
+ modifications as yours.  As long as these requirements are not so
- at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
+ burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
- versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
+ changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
- acceptable for the license to require that you identify
+ the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
- your modifications as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified
+ </p>
- version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send
- one.
+ <p>
+ Rules that &ldquo;if you make your version available in this way, you
+ must make it available in that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too,
+ on the same condition.  An example of such an acceptable rule is one
+ saying that if you have distributed a
+ modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
+ must send one.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
+ whether to distribute your version at all.)  Rules that require release
+ of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
+ are also acceptable.
  </p>
  <p>
  In the GNU project, we use
- &ldquo;<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>&rdquo;
+ <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
- <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
+ <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
- but if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
+ but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
- ethical.
+ ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
- </p>
- <p>
- See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>
- for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo;
- and other categories of software relate to each other.
  </p>
  <p>
-Line 278 
 manuals are in effect part of the softwa
+Line 282 
 manuals are in effect part of the softwa
  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
  such as educational works and reference
- works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known
+ works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
  example.
  </p>
-Line 308 
 them if they like.</p>
+Line 312 
 them if they like.</p>
  <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.103&amp;r2=1.104">Version
+.104</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
+ (already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
+ version for your computing.</li>
  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
 .92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
-Line 411 
 translations of this article.
+Line 420 
 translations of this article.
  </p>
  <p>
- Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+ Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004,
-, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  </p>
- <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+ <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
- permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
+ href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
- preserved.
+ Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
  </p>
  <p>
-Line 430 
 $Date$
+Line 439 
 $Date$
  <div id="translations">
  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
- <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+ <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
- <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
- <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
- <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->
+      If you add a new language here, please
- <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
+      advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to
- <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
- <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
- <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
- <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
- <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+      Please also check you have the language code right; see:
- <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
- <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
  <ul class="translations-list">
  <!-- Afrikaans -->
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>

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