/[www]/www/philosophy/free-sw.html
ViewVC logotype

Diff of /www/philosophy/free-sw.html

Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log | View Patch Patch

revision 1.54 by mattl, Wed Nov 22 18:17:04 2006 UTC revision 1.91 by karl, Tue Mar 9 22:51:49 2010 UTC
# Line 2  Line 2 
2    
3  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
4    
5  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, UNIX, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
6  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free UNIX style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />
7  <link rel="alternate" title="What's New" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />  <link rel="alternate" title="What's New" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
8  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9    
10  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11    
12  <h1>The Free Software Definition</h1>  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>
13    
14  <p>  <p>
15  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
16  be true about a particular software program for it to be considered  true about a particular software program for it to be considered free
17  free software.  software.  From time to time we revise this definition to clarify it.
18    If you would like to review the changes we've made, please see
19    the <a href="#History">History section</a> below for more information.
20  </p>  </p>
21    
22  <p>  <p>
23  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
24  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>  the concept, you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo;
25  not as in <q>free beer.</q>  not as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;
26  </p>  </p>
27    
28  <p>  <p>
29  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
30  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it means that the
31  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:  program's users have the four essential freedoms:
32  </p>  </p>
33    
34  <ul>  <ul>
35    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
36    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make
37        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition        it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
38        for this.        precondition for this.
39    </li>    </li>
40    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
41        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
42    </li>    </li>
43    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
44        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).        to others (freedom 3).  By doing this you can give the whole
45          community a chance to benefit from your changes.
46        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
47    </li>    </li>
48  </ul>  </ul>
# Line 50  you should be free to redistribute copie Line 53  you should be free to redistribute copie
53  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
54  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
55  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
56  for permission.  for permission to do so.
57  </p>  </p>
58    
59  <p>  <p>
# Line 66  or organization to use it on any kind of Line 69  or organization to use it on any kind of
69  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
70  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
71  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
72  purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,  purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
73  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
74  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
75  </p>  </p>
# Line 75  for her purposes, but you are not entitl Line 78  for her purposes, but you are not entitl
78  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
79  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
80  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
81  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is OK if there
82  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
83  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
84  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
# Line 83  make them. Line 86  make them.
86  </p>  </p>
87    
88  <p>  <p>
89  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
90  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
91  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  access to the source code of the program.  Therefore, accessibility of
92  condition for free software.  source code is a necessary condition for free software.
93  </p>  </p>
94    
95  <p>  <p>
96  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
97  free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
98  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the  run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash;
99  copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive  a practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or (through
100  to qualify as free.  blacklisting) as &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a
101    theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom.  This is not
102    sufficient.  In other words, these binaries are not free software
103    even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
104  </p>  </p>
105    
106  <p>  <p>
107  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
108  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
109  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,  cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
110  the software is not free.  requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
111    license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
112    </p>
113    
114    <p>
115    Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions
116    as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
117    releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
118    a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
119    license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
120    as a free license.
121    </p>
122    
123    <p>
124    In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
125    irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
126    software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
127    its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
128    software is not free.
129  </p>  </p>
130    
131  <p>  <p>
# Line 114  the central freedoms; rather it protects Line 138  the central freedoms; rather it protects
138  </p>  </p>
139    
140  <p>  <p>
141    &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; does not mean &ldquo;noncommercial.&rdquo;  A free
142    program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
143    and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
144    is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
145  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
146  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
147  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
# Line 121  you always have the freedom to copy and Line 149  you always have the freedom to copy and
149  </p>  </p>
150    
151  <p>  <p>
152  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free  Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
153  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,  If your modifications are limited, in substance, to changes that
154  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software  someone else considers an improvement, that is not freedom.
 is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.  
155  </p>  </p>
156    
157  <p>  <p>
158  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
159  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or  don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
160  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that &ldquo;if
161  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
162  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
163  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
164  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
165  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
166  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a  acceptable for the license to require that you identify
167  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you  your modifications as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified
168  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.  version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send
169    one.
170  </p>  </p>
171    
172  <p>  <p>
173  In the GNU project, we use  In the GNU project, we use
174  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>  &ldquo;<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>&rdquo;
175  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
176  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
177  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
178  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
179  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
180  use it.  ethical.
181  </p>  </p>
182    
183  <p>  <p>
184  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>
185  for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>  for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo;
186  and other categories of software relate to each other.  and other categories of software relate to each other.
187  </p>  </p>
188    
# Line 165  programs internationally.  Software deve Line 193  programs internationally.  Software deve
193  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
194  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
195  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
196  jurisdictions of these governments.  jurisdictions of these governments.  Thus, free software licenses
197    must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
198    any of the essential freedoms.
199  </p>  </p>
200    
201  <p>  <p>
# Line 176  is unlikely to have some other sort of p Line 206  is unlikely to have some other sort of p
206  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
207  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
208  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
209  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
210  </p>  </p>
211    
212  <p>  <p>
# Line 184  We can't possibly list all the ways that Line 214  We can't possibly list all the ways that
214  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
215  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
216  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
217  it is non-free.  it is nonfree.
218  </p>  </p>
219    
220  <p>  <p>
221  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
222  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that  like &ldquo;give away&rdquo; or &ldquo;for free,&rdquo; because those terms imply that
223  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
224  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
225  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
226  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
227  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of  a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
228  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.  &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
229  </p>  </p>
230    
231  <p>  <p>
# Line 221  listed there, you can ask us about it by Line 251  listed there, you can ask us about it by
251  </p>  </p>
252    
253  <p>  <p>
254  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
255  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software  Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
256  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;  proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
257  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that  for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
258  meets your needs.  find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
259  </p>  </p>
260    
261  <p>  <p>
262  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
263  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
264  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
265  </p>  </p>
266    
267  <h2>Open Source?</h2>  <h2 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h2>
268    
269  <p>  <p>
270  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean  <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
271  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We prefer  for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
272  the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard it refers to  manuals are in effect part of the software.
 freedom rather than price, <a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">it  
 calls to mind freedom</a>.  The word <q>open</q> never does that.  
273  </p>  </p>
274    
275  <p><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></p>  <p>
276    The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
277    practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
278    such as educational works and reference
279    works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known
280    example.
281    </p>
282    
283  </div>  <p>
284    Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
285    has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
286    free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
287    </p>
288    
289    <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
290    
291    <p>
292    Another group has started using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; to mean
293    something close (but not identical) to &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;  We
294    prefer the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; because, once you have heard that
295    it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
296    word &ldquo;open&rdquo; <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
297    never refers to freedom</a>.
298    </p>
299    
300    <h2 id="History">History</h2>
301    
302    <p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition to
303    clarify it.  Here we provide a list of those modifications, along with
304    links to illustrate exactly what changed, so that others can review
305    them if they like.</p>
306    
307    <ul>
308    
309    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.89&amp;r2=1.90">Version
310    1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
311    of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
312    in someone else's development project.</li>
313    
314    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.88&amp;r2=1.89">Version
315    1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
316    free software.</li>
317    
318    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
319    1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
320    i.e., no tivoization.</li>
321    
322    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
323    1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
324    unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
325    replacement.</li>
326    
327    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.73&amp;r2=1.74">Version
328    1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
329    in some places but not reflected everywhere:
330    <ul>
331    <li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
332    substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
333    Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
334    <li>The right to merge in existing modules
335    refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
336    <li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
337    <li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
338    </ul>
339    </li>
340    
341    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version
342    1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>
343    
344    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.45&amp;r2=1.46">Version
345    1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
346    the program for any purpose.</li>
347    
348    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.40&amp;r2=1.41">Version
349    1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
350    
351    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.39&amp;r2=1.40">Version
352    1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
353    available free software to create your modifications.</li>
354    
355    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.38&amp;r2=1.39">Version
356    1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
357    provide source for versions of the software you put into public
358    use.</li>
359    
360    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.30&amp;r2=1.31">Version
361    1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
362    identify yourself as the author of modifications.  Other minor
363    clarifications throughout the text.</li>
364    
365    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.22&amp;r2=1.23">Version
366    1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
367    licenses.</li>
368    
369    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.15&amp;r2=1.16">Version
370    1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
371    
372    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.10&amp;r2=1.11">Version
373    1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
374    versions you distribute to the author.</li>
375    
376    </ul>
377    
378    <p>There are gaps in the version numbers because there are many other
379    changes that do not affect the substance of the definition at all.
380    Instead, they fix links, add translations, and so on.  If you would
381    like to review the complete list of changes, you can do so on
382    our <a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;view=log">cvsweb
383    interface</a>.</p>
384    
385    </div>
386    
387  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
388    
# Line 255  calls to mind freedom</a>.  The word <q> Line 390  calls to mind freedom</a>.  The word <q>
390    
391  <p>  <p>
392  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
393  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
394  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
395  the FSF.  the FSF.
396  <br />  <br />
397  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
398  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
399  </p>  </p>
400    
401  <p>  <p>
# Line 271  translations of this article. Line 406  translations of this article.
406  </p>  </p>
407    
408  <p>  <p>
409  Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
410  2005, 2006 <br /> Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St,  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
411  Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,  USA  </p>
412  <br />  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  
413  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
414  preserved.  preserved.
415  </p>  </p>
# Line 283  preserved. Line 417  preserved.
417  <p>  <p>
418  Updated:  Updated:
419  <!-- timestamp start -->  <!-- timestamp start -->
420  $Date$ $Author$  $Date$
421  <!-- timestamp end -->  <!-- timestamp end -->
422  </p>  </p>
423  </div>  </div>
# Line 304  $Date$ $Author$ Line 438  $Date$ $Author$
438  <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->  <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
439  <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->  <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
440  <ul class="translations-list">  <ul class="translations-list">
441    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a> <!-- Arabic --></li>  <!-- Afrikaans -->
442   <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>  <!-- Bulgarian --></li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>
443   <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>    <!-- Catalan --></li>  <!-- Arabic -->
444    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>
445    <!-- Azerbaijani -->
446    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>
447    <!-- Bulgarian -->
448    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>
449    <!-- Bengali -->
450    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
451    <!-- Bosnian -->
452    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>
453    <!-- Catalan -->
454    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>
455    <!-- Czech -->
456    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>
457    <!-- Danish -->
458    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>
459    <!-- German -->
460    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>
461    <!-- Greek -->
462    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x03b5;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>
463    <!-- English -->
464    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
465    <!-- Esperanto -->
466    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
467    <!-- Spanish -->
468    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
469    <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
470    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
471    <!-- French -->
472    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
473    <!-- Galician -->
474    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
475    <!-- Hebrew -->
476    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
477    <!-- Croatian -->
478    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
479    <!-- Hungarian -->
480    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
481    <!-- Indonesian -->
482    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
483    <!-- Italian -->
484    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
485    <!-- Japanese -->
486    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
487    <!-- Korean -->
488    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
489    <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
490    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>
491    <!-- Dutch -->
492    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
493    <!-- Polish -->
494    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
495    <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
496    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>
497    <!-- Romanian -->
498    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
499    <!-- Russian -->
500    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
501    <!-- Slovak -->
502    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li>
503    <!--- Slovenian -->
504    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
505    <!-- Serbian -->
506    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
507    <!-- Swedish -->
508    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
509    <!-- Tamil -->
510    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
511    <!-- Tagalog -->
512    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>
513    <!-- Turkish -->
514    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
515  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
516   <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a></li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
   
517  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
518   <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a></li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
   
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>     <!-- Czech --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>    <!-- Danish --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>  <!-- German --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a> </li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">Ελληνικά</a>  <!--Greek--></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>   <!-- Spanish --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>  <!-- French --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>   <!-- Galician --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a> <!-- Hebrew --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a> <!-- Croatian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> <!-- Indonesian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a> <!-- Japanese --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a> <!-- Korean --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>   <!-- Hungarian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>       <!-- Dutch --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>    <!-- Norwegian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>   <!-- Polish --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>  <!-- Portuguese --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>     <!-- Romanian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a> <!-- Russian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>        <!--- Slovenian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a> <!-- Serbian --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>  <!-- Tagalog --></li>  
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>     <!-- Turkish --></li>  
519  </ul>  </ul>
520  </div>  </div>
521    
Legend:
Removed from v.1.54  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.91
savannah-hackers-public@gnu.org
 ViewVC Help
Powered by ViewVC 1.1.26