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# Line 12  Line 12 
12  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>
13    
14  <p>  <p>
15  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
16  be true about a particular software program for it to be considered  true about a particular software program for it to be considered free
17  free software.  software.  From time to time we revise this definition to clarify it.
18    If you would like to review the changes we've made, please see
19    the <a href="#History">History section</a> below for more information.
20  </p>  </p>
21    
22  <p>  <p>
# Line 25  not as in <q>free beer.</q> Line 27  not as in <q>free beer.</q>
27    
28  <p>  <p>
29  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
30  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it means that the
31  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:  program's users have the four essential freedoms:
32  </p>  </p>
33    
34  <ul>  <ul>
35    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
36    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make
37        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition        it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
38        for this.        precondition for this.
39    </li>    </li>
40    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
41        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
42    </li>    </li>
43    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements
44          (and modified versions in general)
45        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).
46        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
47    </li>    </li>
# Line 50  you should be free to redistribute copie Line 53  you should be free to redistribute copie
53  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
54  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
55  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
56  for permission.  for permission to do so.
57  </p>  </p>
58    
59  <p>  <p>
# Line 66  or organization to use it on any kind of Line 69  or organization to use it on any kind of
69  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
70  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
71  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
72  purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,  purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
73  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
74  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
75  </p>  </p>
# Line 75  for her purposes, but you are not entitl Line 78  for her purposes, but you are not entitl
78  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
79  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
80  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
81  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is OK if there
82  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
83  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
84  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
# Line 83  make them. Line 86  make them.
86  </p>  </p>
87    
88  <p>  <p>
89  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
90  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
91  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  access to the source code of the program.  Therefore, accessibility of
92  condition for free software.  source code is a necessary condition for free software.
93  </p>  </p>
94    
95  <p>  <p>
96  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
97  free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
98  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the  run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash;
99  copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive  a practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or (through
100  to qualify as free.  blacklisting) as &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a
101    theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom.  This is not
102    sufficient.  In other words, these binaries are not free software
103    even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
104  </p>  </p>
105    
106  <p>  <p>
107  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
108  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
109  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,  cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
110  the software is not free.  requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
111    license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
112    </p>
113    
114    <p>
115    In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
116    irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
117    software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
118    its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
119    software is not free.
120  </p>  </p>
121    
122  <p>  <p>
# Line 114  the central freedoms; rather it protects Line 129  the central freedoms; rather it protects
129  </p>  </p>
130    
131  <p>  <p>
132    <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q>  A free
133    program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
134    and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
135    is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
136  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
137  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
138  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
# Line 121  you always have the freedom to copy and Line 140  you always have the freedom to copy and
140  </p>  </p>
141    
142  <p>  <p>
143  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free  Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
144  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,  If your modifications are limited, in substance, to changes that
145  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software  someone else considers an improvement, that is not freedom.
 is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.  
146  </p>  </p>
147    
148  <p>  <p>
149  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
150  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or  don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
151  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if
152  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
153  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
154  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
155  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
156  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
157  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a  acceptable for the license to require that you identify
158  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you  your modifications as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified
159  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.  version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send
160    one.
161  </p>  </p>
162    
163  <p>  <p>
# Line 147  In the GNU project, we use Line 166  In the GNU project, we use
166  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
167  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
168  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
169  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
170  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
171  use it.  ethical.
172  </p>  </p>
173    
174  <p>  <p>
# Line 165  programs internationally.  Software deve Line 184  programs internationally.  Software deve
184  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
185  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
186  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
187  jurisdictions of these governments.  jurisdictions of these governments.  Thus, free software licenses
188    must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
189    any of the essential freedoms.
190  </p>  </p>
191    
192  <p>  <p>
# Line 176  is unlikely to have some other sort of p Line 197  is unlikely to have some other sort of p
197  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
198  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
199  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
200  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
201  </p>  </p>
202    
203  <p>  <p>
# Line 184  We can't possibly list all the ways that Line 205  We can't possibly list all the ways that
205  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
206  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
207  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
208  it is non-free.  it is nonfree.
209  </p>  </p>
210    
211  <p>  <p>
# Line 194  the issue is about price, not freedom. Line 215  the issue is about price, not freedom.
215  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
216  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
217  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
218  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of  a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
219  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.
220  </p>  </p>
221    
# Line 221  listed there, you can ask us about it by Line 242  listed there, you can ask us about it by
242  </p>  </p>
243    
244  <p>  <p>
245  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
246  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software  Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
247  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;  proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
248  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that  for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
249  meets your needs.  find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
250  </p>  </p>
251    
252  <p>  <p>
253  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
254  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
255  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
256  </p>  </p>
257    
# Line 267  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/op Line 288  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/op
288  never refers to freedom</a>.  never refers to freedom</a>.
289  </p>  </p>
290    
291  </div>  <h2 id="History">History</h2>
292    
293    <p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition to
294    clarify it.  Here we provide a list of those modifications, along with
295    links to illustrate exactly what changed, so that others can review
296    them if they like.</p>
297    
298    <ul>
299    
300    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
301    1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
302    i.e., no tivoization.</li>
303    
304    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
305    1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
306    unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
307    replacement.</li>
308    
309    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.73&amp;r2=1.74">Version
310    1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
311    in some places but not reflected everywhere:
312    <ul>
313    <li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
314    substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
315    Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
316    <li>The right to merge in existing modules
317    refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
318    <li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
319    <li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
320    </ul>
321    </li>
322    
323    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version
324    1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>
325    
326    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.45&amp;r2=1.46">Version
327    1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
328    the program for any purpose.</li>
329    
330    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.40&amp;r2=1.41">Version
331    1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
332    
333    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.39&amp;r2=1.40">Version
334    1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
335    available free software to create your modifications.</li>
336    
337    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.38&amp;r2=1.39">Version
338    1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
339    provide source for versions of the software you put into public
340    use.</li>
341    
342    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.30&amp;r2=1.31">Version
343    1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
344    identify yourself as the author of modifications.  Other minor
345    clarifications throughout the text.</li>
346    
347    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.22&amp;r2=1.23">Version
348    1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
349    licenses.</li>
350    
351    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.15&amp;r2=1.16">Version
352    1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
353    
354    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.10&amp;r2=1.11">Version
355    1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
356    versions you distribute to the author.</li>
357    
358    </ul>
359    
360    <p>There are gaps in the version numbers because there are many other
361    changes that do not affect the substance of the definition at all.
362    Instead, they fix links, add translations, and so on.  If you would
363    like to review the complete list of changes, you can do so on
364    our <a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;view=log">cvsweb
365    interface</a>.</p>
366    
367    </div>
368    
369  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
370    
# Line 276  never refers to freedom</a>. Line 372  never refers to freedom</a>.
372    
373  <p>  <p>
374  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
375  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
376  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
377  the FSF.  the FSF.
378  <br />  <br />
379  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
380  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
381  </p>  </p>
382    
383  <p>  <p>
# Line 293  translations of this article. Line 389  translations of this article.
389    
390  <p>  <p>
391  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
392  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
393  </p>  </p>
 <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>  
394  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
395  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
396  preserved.  preserved.
# Line 336  $Date$ Line 431  $Date$
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432  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
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448  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
449  <!-- Spanish -->  <!-- Spanish -->
450  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
451  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
452  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
453  <!-- French -->  <!-- French -->
454  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
455  <!-- Galician -->  <!-- Galician -->
456  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
457  <!-- Hebrew -->  <!-- Hebrew -->
458  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
459  <!-- Croatian -->  <!-- Croatian -->
460  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
461  <!-- Hungarian -->  <!-- Hungarian -->
462  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
463  <!-- Indonesian -->  <!-- Indonesian -->
464  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
465  <!-- Italian -->  <!-- Italian -->
466  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
467  <!-- Japanese -->  <!-- Japanese -->
468  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
469  <!-- Korean -->  <!-- Korean -->
470  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
471    <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
472    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>
473  <!-- Dutch -->  <!-- Dutch -->
474  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
 <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->  
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">Norsk (Bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>  
475  <!-- Polish -->  <!-- Polish -->
476  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
477  <!-- Portuguese -->  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
478  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>&nbsp;[pt]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>
479  <!-- Romanian -->  <!-- Romanian -->
480  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
481  <!-- Russian -->  <!-- Russian -->
482  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
483    <!-- Slovak -->
484    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li>
485  <!--- Slovenian -->  <!--- Slovenian -->
486  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
487  <!-- Serbian -->  <!-- Serbian -->
488  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
489  <!-- Swedish -->  <!-- Swedish -->
490  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
491  <!-- Tamil -->  <!-- Tamil -->
492  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
493  <!-- Tagalog -->  <!-- Tagalog -->
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