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# Line 8  Line 8 
8  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9    
10  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11    <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
12    
13  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>
14    
# Line 20  the <a href="#History">History section</ Line 21  the <a href="#History">History section</
21  </p>  </p>
22    
23  <p>  <p>
24  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
25  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>  the concept, you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo;
26  not as in <q>free beer.</q>  not as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;
27  </p>  </p>
28    
29  <p>  <p>
30  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
31  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it means that the
32  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:  program's users have the four essential freedoms:
33  </p>  </p>
34    
35  <ul>  <ul>
36    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
37    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
38        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition        does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
39        for this.        code is a precondition for this.
40    </li>    </li>
41    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
42        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
43    </li>    </li>
44    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
45        (and modified versions in general)        to others (freedom 3).  By doing this you can give the whole
46        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).        community a chance to benefit from your changes.
47        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
48    </li>    </li>
49  </ul>  </ul>
# Line 53  you should be free to redistribute copie Line 54  you should be free to redistribute copie
54  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
55  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
56  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
57  for permission.  for permission to do so.
58  </p>  </p>
59    
60  <p>  <p>
# Line 69  or organization to use it on any kind of Line 70  or organization to use it on any kind of
70  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
71  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
72  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
73  purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,  purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
74  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
75  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
76  </p>  </p>
# Line 78  for her purposes, but you are not entitl Line 79  for her purposes, but you are not entitl
79  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
80  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
81  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
82  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is OK if there
83  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
84  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
85  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
# Line 86  make them. Line 87  make them.
87  </p>  </p>
88    
89  <p>  <p>
90  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
91  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
92  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  access to the source code of the program.  Therefore, accessibility of
93  condition for free software.  source code is a necessary condition for free software.  Obfuscated
94    &ldquo;source code&rdquo; is not real source code and does not count
95    as source code.
96    </p>
97    
98    <p>
99    Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
100    the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
101    run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash; a
102    practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or &ldquo;lockdown&rdquo;,
103    or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as &ldquo;secure
104    boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
105    than a practical freedom.  This is not sufficient.  In other words,
106    these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
107    compiled from is free.
108  </p>  </p>
109    
110  <p>  <p>
111  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
112  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
113  cannot merge in a suitably-licensed existing module, such as if it  cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
114  requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add, then the  requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
115  license is too restrictive to qualify as free.  license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
116  </p>  </p>
117    
118  <p>  <p>
119  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
120  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
121  power to revoke the license, or retroactively change its terms,  releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
122  without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the software is not  a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
123  free.  license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
124    as a free license.
125    </p>
126    
127    <p>
128    In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
129    irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
130    software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
131    its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
132    software is not free.
133  </p>  </p>
134    
135  <p>  <p>
# Line 118  the central freedoms; rather it protects Line 142  the central freedoms; rather it protects
142  </p>  </p>
143    
144  <p>  <p>
145  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; does not mean &ldquo;noncommercial.&rdquo;  A free
146  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
147  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
148  is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.  is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
# Line 135  someone else considers an improvement, t Line 159  someone else considers an improvement, t
159  </p>  </p>
160    
161  <p>  <p>
162  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
163  don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or  if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
164  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if  versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
165  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
166  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
167  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  modifications as yours.  As long as these requirements are not so
168  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
169  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
170  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a  the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
171    </p>
172    
173    <p>
174    Rules that &ldquo;if you make your version available in this way, you
175    must make it available in that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too,
176    on the same condition.  An example of such an acceptable rule is one
177    saying that if you have distributed a
178  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
179  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.  must send one.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
180    whether to distribute your version at all.)  Rules that require release
181    of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
182    are also acceptable.
183  </p>  </p>
184    
185  <p>  <p>
186  In the GNU project, we use  In the GNU project, we use
187  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>  <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
188  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
189  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
190  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
191  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
192  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically  but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
193  ethical.  ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
 </p>  
   
 <p>  
 See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  
 for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>  
 and other categories of software relate to each other.  
194  </p>  </p>
195    
196  <p>  <p>
# Line 185  is unlikely to have some other sort of p Line 213  is unlikely to have some other sort of p
213  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
214  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
215  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
216  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
217  </p>  </p>
218    
219  <p>  <p>
# Line 193  We can't possibly list all the ways that Line 221  We can't possibly list all the ways that
221  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
222  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
223  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
224  it is non-free.  it is nonfree.
225  </p>  </p>
226    
227  <p>  <p>
228  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
229  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that  like &ldquo;give away&rdquo; or &ldquo;for free,&rdquo; because those terms imply that
230  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
231  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
232  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
233  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
234  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of  a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
235  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.  &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
236  </p>  </p>
237    
238  <p>  <p>
# Line 230  listed there, you can ask us about it by Line 258  listed there, you can ask us about it by
258  </p>  </p>
259    
260  <p>  <p>
261  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
262  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software  Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
263  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;  proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
264  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that  for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
265  meets your needs.  find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
266  </p>  </p>
267    
268  <p>  <p>
269  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
270  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
271  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
272  </p>  </p>
273    
# Line 255  manuals are in effect part of the softwa Line 283  manuals are in effect part of the softwa
283  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
284  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
285  such as educational works and reference  such as educational works and reference
286  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
287  example.  example.
288  </p>  </p>
289    
# Line 268  free cultural works</a> applicable to an Line 296  free cultural works</a> applicable to an
296  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
297    
298  <p>  <p>
299  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean  Another group has started using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; to mean
300  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We  something close (but not identical) to &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;  We
301  prefer the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard that  prefer the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; because, once you have heard that
302  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
303  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">  word &ldquo;open&rdquo; <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
304  never refers to freedom</a>.  never refers to freedom</a>.
305  </p>  </p>
306    
# Line 285  them if they like.</p> Line 313  them if they like.</p>
313    
314  <ul>  <ul>
315    
316    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.103&amp;r2=1.104">Version
317    1.104</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
318    (already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
319    version for your computing.</li>
320    
321    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
322    1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
323    
324    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.89&amp;r2=1.90">Version
325    1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
326    of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
327    in someone else's development project.</li>
328    
329    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.88&amp;r2=1.89">Version
330    1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
331    free software.</li>
332    
333    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
334    1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
335    i.e., no tivoization.</li>
336    
337  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
338  1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are  1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
339  unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete  unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
# Line 356  interface</a>.</p> Line 405  interface</a>.</p>
405    
406  <p>  <p>
407  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
408  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
409  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
410  the FSF.  the FSF.
411  <br />  <br />
412  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
413  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
414  </p>  </p>
415    
416  <p>  <p>
# Line 372  translations of this article. Line 421  translations of this article.
421  </p>  </p>
422    
423  <p>  <p>
424  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004,
425  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
426  </p>  </p>
427  <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>  <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
428  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
429  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
 preserved.  
430  </p>  </p>
431    
432  <p>  <p>
# Line 389  $Date$ Line 437  $Date$
437  </p>  </p>
438  </div>  </div>
439    
440  <div id="translations">  <!-- <div id="translations"> -->
441  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>  <!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
442    <!--  -->
443  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
444  <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->  <!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
445  <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->  <!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
446  <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->  <!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
447  <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->  <!--      advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
448  <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->  <!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
449  <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->  <!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
450  <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->  <!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
451  <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->  <!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
452  <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->  <!--      Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
453  <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->  <!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
454  <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->  <!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
455  <ul class="translations-list">  <!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
456    <!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
457    <!--  -->
458    <!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
459  <!-- Afrikaans -->  <!-- Afrikaans -->
460  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li> -->
461  <!-- Arabic -->  <!-- Arabic -->
462  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li> -->
463  <!-- Azerbaijani -->  <!-- Azerbaijani -->
464  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li> -->
465  <!-- Bulgarian -->  <!-- Bulgarian -->
466  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li> -->
467  <!-- Bengali -->  <!-- Bengali -->
468  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li> -->
469  <!-- Bosnian -->  <!-- Bosnian -->
470  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">Bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li> -->
471  <!-- Catalan -->  <!-- Catalan -->
472  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
473  <!-- Czech -->  <!-- Czech -->
474  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
475  <!-- Danish -->  <!-- Danish -->
476  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li> -->
477  <!-- German -->  <!-- German -->
478  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
479  <!-- Greek -->  <!-- Greek -->
480  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x0395;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x03b5;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li> -->
481  <!-- English -->  <!-- English -->
482  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
483  <!-- Esperanto -->  <!-- Esperanto -->
484  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li> -->
485  <!-- Spanish -->  <!-- Spanish -->
486  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> -->
487  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
488  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li> -->
489  <!-- French -->  <!-- French -->
490  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li> -->
491  <!-- Galician -->  <!-- Galician -->
492  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li> -->
493  <!-- Hebrew -->  <!-- Hebrew -->
494  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li> -->
495  <!-- Croatian -->  <!-- Croatian -->
496  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li> -->
497  <!-- Hungarian -->  <!-- Hungarian -->
498  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li> -->
499  <!-- Indonesian -->  <!-- Indonesian -->
500  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li> -->
501  <!-- Italian -->  <!-- Italian -->
502  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li> -->
503  <!-- Japanese -->  <!-- Japanese -->
504  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li> -->
505  <!-- Korean -->  <!-- Korean -->
506  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li> -->
507  <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->  <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
508  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">Norsk (Bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li> -->
509  <!-- Dutch -->  <!-- Dutch -->
510  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li> -->
511  <!-- Polish -->  <!-- Polish -->
512  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
513  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
514  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
515  <!-- Romanian -->  <!-- Romanian -->
516  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li> -->
517  <!-- Russian -->  <!-- Russian -->
518  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li> -->
519  <!--- Slovenian -->  <!-- Slovak -->
520  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li> -->
521    <!-- - Slovenian -->
522    <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li> -->
523  <!-- Serbian -->  <!-- Serbian -->
524  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li> -->
525  <!-- Swedish -->  <!-- Swedish -->
526  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li> -->
527  <!-- Tamil -->  <!-- Tamil -->
528  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li> -->
529  <!-- Tagalog -->  <!-- Tagalog -->
530  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li> -->
531  <!-- Turkish -->  <!-- Turkish -->
532  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li> -->
533  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
534  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li> -->
535  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
536  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li> -->
537  </ul>  <!-- </ul> -->
538  </div>  <!-- </div> -->
539    
540  </div>  </div>
541    
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