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9    
10  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11    
12  <h1>The Free Software Definition</h1>  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>
13    
14  <p>  <p>
15  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
16  be true about a particular software program for it to be considered  true about a particular software program for it to be considered free
17  free software.  software.  From time to time we revise this definition to clarify it.
18    If you would like to review the changes we've made, please see
19    the <a href="#History">History section</a> below for more information.
20  </p>  </p>
21    
22  <p>  <p>
23  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
24  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>  the concept, you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo;
25  not as in <q>free beer.</q>  not as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;
26  </p>  </p>
27    
28  <p>  <p>
29  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
30  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it means that the
31  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:  program's users have the four essential freedoms:
32  </p>  </p>
33    
34  <ul>  <ul>
35    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
36    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make
37        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition        it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
38        for this.        precondition for this.
39    </li>    </li>
40    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
41        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
42    </li>    </li>
43    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
44        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).        to others (freedom 3).  By doing this you can give the whole
45          community a chance to benefit from your changes.
46        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
47    </li>    </li>
48  </ul>  </ul>
# Line 50  you should be free to redistribute copie Line 53  you should be free to redistribute copie
53  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
54  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
55  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
56  for permission.  for permission to do so.
57  </p>  </p>
58    
59  <p>  <p>
# Line 66  or organization to use it on any kind of Line 69  or organization to use it on any kind of
69  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
70  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
71  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
72  purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,  purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
73  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
74  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
75  </p>  </p>
# Line 75  for her purposes, but you are not entitl Line 78  for her purposes, but you are not entitl
78  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
79  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
80  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
81  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is OK if there
82  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
83  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
84  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
# Line 83  make them. Line 86  make them.
86  </p>  </p>
87    
88  <p>  <p>
89  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
90  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
91  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  access to the source code of the program.  Therefore, accessibility of
92  condition for free software.  source code is a necessary condition for free software.  Obfuscated
93    &ldquo;source code&rdquo; is not real source code and does not count
94    as source code.
95  </p>  </p>
96    
97  <p>  <p>
98  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available  Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
99  free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
100  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the  run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash;
101  copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive  a practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or (through
102  to qualify as free.  blacklisting) as &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a
103    theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom.  This is not
104    sufficient.  In other words, these binaries are not free software
105    even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
106  </p>  </p>
107    
108  <p>  <p>
109  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
110  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
111  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,  cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
112  the software is not free.  requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
113    license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
114    </p>
115    
116    <p>
117    Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
118    as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
119    releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
120    a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
121    license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
122    as a free license.
123    </p>
124    
125    <p>
126    In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
127    irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
128    software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
129    its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
130    software is not free.
131  </p>  </p>
132    
133  <p>  <p>
# Line 114  the central freedoms; rather it protects Line 140  the central freedoms; rather it protects
140  </p>  </p>
141    
142  <p>  <p>
143    &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; does not mean &ldquo;noncommercial.&rdquo;  A free
144    program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
145    and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
146    is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
147  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
148  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
149  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
# Line 121  you always have the freedom to copy and Line 151  you always have the freedom to copy and
151  </p>  </p>
152    
153  <p>  <p>
154  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free  Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
155  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,  If your modifications are limited, in substance, to changes that
156  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software  someone else considers an improvement, that is not freedom.
 is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.  
157  </p>  </p>
158    
159  <p>  <p>
160  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
161  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or  don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
162  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that &ldquo;if
163  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
164  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
165  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
166  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
167  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
168  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a  acceptable for the license to require that you identify
169  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you  your modifications as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified
170  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.  version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send
171    one.
172  </p>  </p>
173    
174  <p>  <p>
175  In the GNU project, we use  In the GNU project, we use
176  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>  <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
177  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
178  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
179  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
180  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
181  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still  but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
182  use it.  ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
 </p>  
   
 <p>  
 See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  
 for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>  
 and other categories of software relate to each other.  
183  </p>  </p>
184    
185  <p>  <p>
# Line 165  programs internationally.  Software deve Line 189  programs internationally.  Software deve
189  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
190  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
191  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
192  jurisdictions of these governments.  jurisdictions of these governments.  Thus, free software licenses
193    must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
194    any of the essential freedoms.
195  </p>  </p>
196    
197  <p>  <p>
# Line 176  is unlikely to have some other sort of p Line 202  is unlikely to have some other sort of p
202  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
203  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
204  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
205  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
206  </p>  </p>
207    
208  <p>  <p>
# Line 184  We can't possibly list all the ways that Line 210  We can't possibly list all the ways that
210  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
211  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
212  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
213  it is non-free.  it is nonfree.
214  </p>  </p>
215    
216  <p>  <p>
217  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
218  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that  like &ldquo;give away&rdquo; or &ldquo;for free,&rdquo; because those terms imply that
219  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
220  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
221  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
222  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
223  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of  a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
224  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.  &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
225  </p>  </p>
226    
227  <p>  <p>
# Line 221  listed there, you can ask us about it by Line 247  listed there, you can ask us about it by
247  </p>  </p>
248    
249  <p>  <p>
250  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
251  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software  Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
252  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;  proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
253  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that  for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
254  meets your needs.  find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
255  </p>  </p>
256    
257  <p>  <p>
258  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
259  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
260  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
261  </p>  </p>
262    
# Line 259  free cultural works</a> applicable to an Line 285  free cultural works</a> applicable to an
285  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
286    
287  <p>  <p>
288  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean  Another group has started using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; to mean
289  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We  something close (but not identical) to &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;  We
290  prefer the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard that  prefer the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; because, once you have heard that
291  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
292  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">  word &ldquo;open&rdquo; <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
293  never refers to freedom</a>.  never refers to freedom</a>.
294  </p>  </p>
295    
296  </div>  <h2 id="History">History</h2>
297    
298    <p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition to
299    clarify it.  Here we provide a list of those modifications, along with
300    links to illustrate exactly what changed, so that others can review
301    them if they like.</p>
302    
303    <ul>
304    
305    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
306    1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
307    
308    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.89&amp;r2=1.90">Version
309    1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
310    of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
311    in someone else's development project.</li>
312    
313    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.88&amp;r2=1.89">Version
314    1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
315    free software.</li>
316    
317    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
318    1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
319    i.e., no tivoization.</li>
320    
321    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
322    1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
323    unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
324    replacement.</li>
325    
326    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.73&amp;r2=1.74">Version
327    1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
328    in some places but not reflected everywhere:
329    <ul>
330    <li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
331    substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
332    Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
333    <li>The right to merge in existing modules
334    refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
335    <li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
336    <li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
337    </ul>
338    </li>
339    
340    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version
341    1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>
342    
343    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.45&amp;r2=1.46">Version
344    1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
345    the program for any purpose.</li>
346    
347    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.40&amp;r2=1.41">Version
348    1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
349    
350    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.39&amp;r2=1.40">Version
351    1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
352    available free software to create your modifications.</li>
353    
354    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.38&amp;r2=1.39">Version
355    1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
356    provide source for versions of the software you put into public
357    use.</li>
358    
359    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.30&amp;r2=1.31">Version
360    1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
361    identify yourself as the author of modifications.  Other minor
362    clarifications throughout the text.</li>
363    
364    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.22&amp;r2=1.23">Version
365    1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
366    licenses.</li>
367    
368    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.15&amp;r2=1.16">Version
369    1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
370    
371    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.10&amp;r2=1.11">Version
372    1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
373    versions you distribute to the author.</li>
374    
375    </ul>
376    
377    <p>There are gaps in the version numbers because there are many other
378    changes that do not affect the substance of the definition at all.
379    Instead, they fix links, add translations, and so on.  If you would
380    like to review the complete list of changes, you can do so on
381    our <a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;view=log">cvsweb
382    interface</a>.</p>
383    
384    </div>
385    
386  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
387    
# Line 276  never refers to freedom</a>. Line 389  never refers to freedom</a>.
389    
390  <p>  <p>
391  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
392  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
393  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
394  the FSF.  the FSF.
395  <br />  <br />
396  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
397  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
398  </p>  </p>
399    
400  <p>  <p>
401  Please see the  Please see the
402  <a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations  <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
403  README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting  README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
404  translations of this article.  translations of this article.
405  </p>  </p>
406    
407  <p>  <p>
408  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
409  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
410  </p>  </p>
 <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>  
411  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
412  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
413  preserved.  preserved.
# Line 312  $Date$ Line 424  $Date$
424  <div id="translations">  <div id="translations">
425  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
426    
427  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
428  <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->       Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
429  <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->       Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
430  <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->       If you add a new language here, please
431  <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->       advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to
432  <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->        - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
433  <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->        - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
434  <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->        - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
435  <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->        to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
436  <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->       Please also check you have the language code right; see:
437  <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->       http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
438  <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->       If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
439         use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
440         Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
441    
442  <ul class="translations-list">  <ul class="translations-list">
443    <!-- Afrikaans -->
444    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>
445  <!-- Arabic -->  <!-- Arabic -->
446  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>
447  <!-- Azerbaijani -->  <!-- Azerbaijani -->
# Line 334  $Date$ Line 451  $Date$
451  <!-- Bengali -->  <!-- Bengali -->
452  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
453  <!-- Bosnian -->  <!-- Bosnian -->
454  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">Bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>
455  <!-- Catalan -->  <!-- Catalan -->
456  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>
457  <!-- Czech -->  <!-- Czech -->
458  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>
459  <!-- Danish -->  <!-- Danish -->
460  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>
461  <!-- German -->  <!-- German -->
462  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>
463  <!-- Greek -->  <!-- Greek -->
464  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x0395;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x03b5;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>
465  <!-- English -->  <!-- English -->
466  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
467  <!-- Esperanto -->  <!-- Esperanto -->
468  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
469  <!-- Spanish -->  <!-- Spanish -->
470  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
471  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
472  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
473  <!-- French -->  <!-- French -->
474  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
475  <!-- Galician -->  <!-- Galician -->
476  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
477  <!-- Hebrew -->  <!-- Hebrew -->
478  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
479  <!-- Croatian -->  <!-- Croatian -->
480  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
481  <!-- Hungarian -->  <!-- Hungarian -->
482  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
483  <!-- Indonesian -->  <!-- Indonesian -->
484  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
485  <!-- Italian -->  <!-- Italian -->
486  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
487  <!-- Japanese -->  <!-- Japanese -->
488  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
489  <!-- Korean -->  <!-- Korean -->
490  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
491    <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
492    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>
493  <!-- Dutch -->  <!-- Dutch -->
494  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
 <!-- Norwegian -->  
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>&nbsp;[no]</li>  
495  <!-- Polish -->  <!-- Polish -->
496  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
497  <!-- Portuguese -->  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
498  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>&nbsp;[pt]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>
499  <!-- Romanian -->  <!-- Romanian -->
500  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
501  <!-- Russian -->  <!-- Russian -->
502  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
503    <!-- Slovak -->
504    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li>
505  <!--- Slovenian -->  <!--- Slovenian -->
506  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
507  <!-- Serbian -->  <!-- Serbian -->
508  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
509  <!-- Swedish -->  <!-- Swedish -->
510  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
511    <!-- Tamil -->
512    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
513  <!-- Tagalog -->  <!-- Tagalog -->
514  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>
515  <!-- Turkish -->  <!-- Turkish -->
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