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3  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
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11    
12  <p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>  <h1>The Free Software Definition</h1>
13    
 <h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>  
14  <p>  <p>
15  <a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg" alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] " width="160" height="200" /></a>  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must
16    be true about a particular software program for it to be considered
17    free software.
18  </p>  </p>
19    
20  <p>  <p>
21  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
22  true about a particular software program for it to be considered  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>
23  free software.</p>  not as in <q>free beer.</q>
24  <p>  </p>
25  ``Free software'' is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand the  
 concept, you should think of ``free'' as in ``free speech,'' not as in  
 ``free beer.''</p>  
26  <p>  <p>
27  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
28  distribute, study, change and improve the software.  More precisely,  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to
29  it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:</p>  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:
30    </p>
31    
32  <ul>  <ul>
33    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
34    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to
35        (freedom 1).   Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition
36          for this.
37      </li>
38    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
39        (freedom 2).</li>        (freedom 2).
40      </li>
41    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements
42       to the public, so that the whole community benefits        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).
43        (freedom 3).   Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
44      </li>
45  </ul>  </ul>
46    
47  <p>  <p>
48  A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.  A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.  Thus,
49  Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or  you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without
50  without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
51  distribution, to <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
52  free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
53  have to ask or pay for permission.</p>  for permission.
54    </p>
55    
56  <p>  <p>
57  You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them  You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
58  privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they  privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
59  exist.  If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to  exist.  If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
60  notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.</p>  notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
61    </p>
62    
63  <p>  <p>
64  The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person  The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
65  or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind  or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
66  of overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
67  with the developer or any other specific entity.</p>  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
68    the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
69    purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,
70    and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
71    for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
72    </p>
73    
74  <p>  <p>
75  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
76  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
77  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
78  necessary for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there
79  ok if there is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
80  certain program (since some languages don't support that feature), but  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
81  you must have the freedom to redistribute such forms should you find  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
82  or develop a way to make them.</p>  make them.
83    </p>
84    
85  <p>  <p>
86  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved
87  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of
88  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary
89  condition for free software.</p>  condition for free software.
90    </p>
91    
92  <p>  <p>
93  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available
94  subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
95  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the
96  the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too  copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive
97  restrictive to qualify as free.</p>  to qualify as free.
98    </p>
99    
100  <p>  <p>
101  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as
102  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the
103  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,
104  cause, the software is not free.</p>  the software is not free.
105    </p>
106    
107  <p>  <p>
108  However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free  However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
109  software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central  software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
110  freedoms.  For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that  freedoms.  For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that
111  when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny  when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny
112  other people the central freedoms.  This rule does not conflict with  other people the central freedoms.  This rule does not conflict with
113  the central freedoms; rather it protects them.</p>  the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
114    </p>
115    
116    <p>
117    You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
118    obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
119    you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
120    <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
121    </p>
122    
123  <p>  <p>
124  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free
125  may have obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
126  your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
127  software, even to <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.</p>  is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
128  <p>  </p>
129  ``Free software'' does not mean ``non-commercial''.  A free program  
 must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and  
 commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software is  
 no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.</p>  
130  <p>  <p>
131  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
132  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions,  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or
133  or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if
134  that ``if you make your version available in this way, you must make  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
135  it available in that way also'' can be acceptable too, on the same  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
136  condition.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
137  whether to publish your version at all.)  Rules that require release  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
138  of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
139  are also acceptable.  It is also acceptable for the license to require  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a
140  that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
141  developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one, or that you  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
 identify yourself on your modifications.  
142  </p>  </p>
143    
144  <p>  <p>
145  In the GNU project, we use <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">``copyleft''</a>  In the GNU project, we use
146  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>
147    to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
148  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
149  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
150  important reasons why <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,
151  better to use copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted free  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still
152  software, we can still use it.</p>  use it.
153    </p>
154    
155  <p>  <p>
156  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>
157  for a description of how ``free software,'' ``copylefted software'' and  for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>
158  other categories of software relate to each other.</p>  and other categories of software relate to each other.
159    </p>
160    
161    <p>
162    Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
163    and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
164    programs internationally.  Software developers do not have the power to
165    eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
166    is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
167    way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
168    jurisdictions of these governments.
169    </p>
170    
171  <p>  <p>
172  Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control  Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
173  regulations</a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to  on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright.  If a
174  distribute copies of programs internationally.  Software developers do  copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
175  not have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but  is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
176  what they can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
177  use of the program.  In this way, the restrictions will not affect  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
178  activities and people outside the jurisdictions of these governments.</p>  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
179  <p>  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.
180  Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are  </p>
181  limits on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright.  
 If a copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described  
 above, it is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never  
 anticipated (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some  
 free software licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can  
 impose a much larger range of possible restrictions.  That means there  
 are many possible ways such a license could be unacceptably  
 restrictive and non-free.</p>  
182  <p>  <p>
183  We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen.  If a  We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen.  If a
184  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
185  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
186  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
187  conclude it is non-free.</p>  it is non-free.
188    </p>
189    
190  <p>  <p>
191  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
192  ``give away'' or ``for free'', because those terms imply that the  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that
193  issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such as  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
194  ``piracy'' embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
195  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
196  that are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
197  We also have a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
198  of "free software"</a> into various languages.</p>  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.
199    </p>
200    
201  <p>  <p>
202  Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software  Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
203  definition require careful thought for their interpretation.  To  definition require careful thought for their interpretation.  To decide
204  decide whether a specific software license qualifies as a free  whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
205  software license, we judge it based on these criteria to determine  we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
206  whether it fits their spirit as well as the precise words.  If a  spirit as well as the precise words.  If a license includes unconscionable
207  license includes unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we  restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue
208  did not anticipate the issue in these criteria.  Sometimes a license  in these criteria.  Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue
209  requirement raises an issue that calls for extensive thought,  that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer,
210  including discussions with a lawyer, before we can decide if the  before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable.  When we reach
211  requirement is acceptable.  When we reach a conclusion about a new  a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
212  issue, we often update these criteria to make it easier to see why  it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
213  certain licenses do or don't qualify.</p>  </p>
214  <p>  
215  If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a  <p>
216  free software license, see our <a  If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
217  href="/licenses/license-list.html">list of licenses</a>.  If the  software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
218  license you are concerned with is not listed there, you can ask us  of licenses</a>.  If the license you are concerned with is not
219  about it by sending us email at <a  listed there, you can ask us about it by sending us email at
220  href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">&lt;licensing@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p> <p>  <a href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">&lt;licensing@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
221    </p>
222    
223    <p>
224  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF
225  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software
226  software licenses means increased work for users in understanding the  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;
227  licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that
228  license that meets your needs.  meets your needs.
229  </p>  </p>
230    
231  <p>  <p>
# Line 199  If that isn't possible, if you really ne Line 233  If that isn't possible, if you really ne
233  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license
234  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
235  </p>  </p>
 <hr />  
   
 <p>  
 Another group has started using the term "open source" to mean  
 something close (but not identical) to "free software".  We prefer the  
 term "free software" because, once you have heard it refers to freedom  
 rather than price, <a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">it calls  
 to mind freedom</a>.  The word "open" never does that.</p>  
236    
237  <hr />  <h2>Open Source?</h2>
 <h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>  
238    
239    <p>
240    Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean
241    something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We prefer
242    the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard it refers to
243    freedom rather than price, <a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">it
244    calls to mind freedom</a>.  The word <q>open</q> never does that.
245    </p>
246    
247  <!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about    -->  <p><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></p>
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 <b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />  
248    
249  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  </div>
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250    
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251    
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253    
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 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>    <!-- Italian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>    <!-- Japanese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>    <!-- Korean -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>      <!-- Hungarian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>  <!-- Dutch -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>       <!-- Norwegian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>      <!-- Polish -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>     <!-- Portuguese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>        <!-- Romanian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a> <!-- Russian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>   <!--- Slovenian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a> <!-- Serbian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>     <!-- Tagalog -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>        <!-- Turkish -->  
 ]  
 </p>  
 </div>  
   
 <div class="copyright">  
 <p>  
 Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.  
 </p>  
255    
256  <p>  <p>
257  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
258  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.
259  There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>
260  the FSF.  the FSF.
261  <br />  <br />
262  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
# Line 301  translations of this article. Line 271  translations of this article.
271  </p>  </p>
272    
273  <p>  <p>
274  Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free  Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
275  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  2005, 2006 <br /> Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St,
276  02110,  USA  Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,  USA
277  <br />  <br />
278  Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
279  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
# Line 318  $Date$ $Author$ Line 288  $Date$ $Author$
288  </p>  </p>
289  </div>  </div>
290    
291    <div id="translations">
292    <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
293    
294    <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
295    <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
296    <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
297    <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->
298    <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
299    <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
300    <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
301    <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
302    <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
303    <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
304    <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
305    <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
306    <ul class="translations-list">
307      <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a> <!-- Arabic --></li>
308     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>  <!-- Bulgarian --></li>
309     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>    <!-- Catalan --></li>
310    
311    <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
312     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a></li>
313    
314    <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
315     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a></li>
316    
317     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>     <!-- Czech --></li>
318     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>    <!-- Danish --></li>
319     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>  <!-- German --></li>
320     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a> </li>
321     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">Ελληνικά</a>  <!--Greek--></li>
322     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>   <!-- Spanish --></li>
323     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a></li>
324     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a></li>
325     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>  <!-- French --></li>
326     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>   <!-- Galician --></li>
327     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a> <!-- Hebrew --></li>
328     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a> <!-- Croatian --></li>
329     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> <!-- Indonesian --></li>
330     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian --></li>
331     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a> <!-- Japanese --></li>
332     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a> <!-- Korean --></li>
333     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>   <!-- Hungarian --></li>
334     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>       <!-- Dutch --></li>
335     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>    <!-- Norwegian --></li>
336     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>   <!-- Polish --></li>
337     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>  <!-- Portuguese --></li>
338     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>     <!-- Romanian --></li>
339     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a> <!-- Russian --></li>
340     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>        <!--- Slovenian --></li>
341     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a> <!-- Serbian --></li>
342     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>  <!-- Tagalog --></li>
343     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>     <!-- Turkish --></li>
344    </ul>
345    </div>
346    
347    </div>
348    
349  </body>  </body>
350  </html>  </html>
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