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1  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
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 <title>  
 The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)  
 </title>  
 <link rev="made" href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" />  
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   <a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/join/gnu">  
     <img src="/graphics/dbd.png"  
          alt="[Join the FSF Campaign to Eliminate DRM]" />  
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2    
3  <hr />  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
4    
5  <p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
6    <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />
7    <link rel="alternate" title="What's New" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
8    <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9    
10  <h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11  <p>  
12  <a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html">  <h1>The Free Software Definition</h1>
   <img src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"  
        alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "  
        width="160px"  
        height="200px" />  
 </a>  
 </p>  
13    
14  <p>  <p>
15  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must
# Line 262  help you can ensure that the license rea Line 234  help you can ensure that the license rea
234  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
235  </p>  </p>
236    
237  <hr />  <h2 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h2>
238    
239  <p>  <p>
240  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean  <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
241  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We prefer  for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
242  the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard it refers to  manuals are in effect part of the software.
 freedom rather than price, <a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">it  
 calls to mind freedom</a>.  The word <q>open</q> never does that.  
243  </p>  </p>
244    
245  <hr />  <p>
246    The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
247    practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
248    such as educational works and reference
249    works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known
250    example.
251    </p>
252    
253  <h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>  <p>
254    Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
255    has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
256    free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
257    </p>
258    
259  <div class="translations">  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
 <p><a id="translations"></a>  
 <b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />  
260    
261  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  <p>
262  <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean
263  <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We
264  <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->  prefer the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard that
265  <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
266  <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
267  <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->  never refers to freedom</a>.
268  <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->  </p>
 <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->  
 <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->  
 <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->  
 <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->  
 [  
   <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a> <!-- Arabic -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>  <!-- Bulgarian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>       <!-- Catalan -->  
269    
270  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->  </div>
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>  
271    
 <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>  
272    
273  | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>        <!-- Czech -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>       <!-- Danish -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>     <!-- German -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">Ελληνικά</a>  <!--Greek-->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>      <!-- Spanish -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>  
   
 <!-- Persian/Farsi -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>  
   
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>     <!-- French -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>      <!-- Galician -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>    <!-- Hebrew -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>    <!-- Croatian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>    <!-- Indonesian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>    <!-- Italian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>    <!-- Japanese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>    <!-- Korean -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>      <!-- Hungarian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>  <!-- Dutch -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>       <!-- Norwegian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>      <!-- Polish -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>     <!-- Portuguese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>        <!-- Romanian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a> <!-- Russian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>   <!--- Slovenian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a> <!-- Serbian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>     <!-- Tagalog -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>        <!-- Turkish -->  
 ]  
 </p>  
 </div>  
274    
275  <div class="copyright">  <div id="footer">
 <p>  
 Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.  
 </p>  
276    
277  <p>  <p>
278  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
279  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.
280  There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>
281  the FSF.  the FSF.
282  <br />  <br />
283  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
# Line 360  translations of this article. Line 292  translations of this article.
292  </p>  </p>
293    
294  <p>  <p>
295  Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
296  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
297  02110,  USA  </p>
298  <br />  <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>
299  Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
300  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
301  preserved.  preserved.
302  </p>  </p>
# Line 372  preserved. Line 304  preserved.
304  <p>  <p>
305  Updated:  Updated:
306  <!-- timestamp start -->  <!-- timestamp start -->
307  $Date$ $Author$  $Date$
308  <!-- timestamp end -->  <!-- timestamp end -->
309  </p>  </p>
310  </div>  </div>
311    
312    <div id="translations">
313    <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
314    
315    <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
316    <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
317    <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
318    <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->
319    <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
320    <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
321    <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
322    <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
323    <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
324    <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
325    <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
326    <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
327    <ul class="translations-list">
328    <!-- Arabic -->
329    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>
330    <!-- Azerbaijani -->
331    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>
332    <!-- Bulgarian -->
333    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>
334    <!-- Bengali -->
335    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
336    <!-- Bosnian -->
337    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">Bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>
338    <!-- Catalan -->
339    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>
340    <!-- Czech -->
341    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>
342    <!-- Danish -->
343    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>
344    <!-- German -->
345    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>
346    <!-- Greek -->
347    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x0395;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>
348    <!-- English -->
349    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
350    <!-- Esperanto -->
351    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
352    <!-- Spanish -->
353    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
354    <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
355    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
356    <!-- French -->
357    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
358    <!-- Galician -->
359    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
360    <!-- Hebrew -->
361    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
362    <!-- Croatian -->
363    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
364    <!-- Hungarian -->
365    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
366    <!-- Indonesian -->
367    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
368    <!-- Italian -->
369    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
370    <!-- Japanese -->
371    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
372    <!-- Korean -->
373    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
374    <!-- Dutch -->
375    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
376    <!-- Norwegian -->
377    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>&nbsp;[no]</li>
378    <!-- Polish -->
379    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
380    <!-- Portuguese -->
381    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>&nbsp;[pt]</li>
382    <!-- Romanian -->
383    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
384    <!-- Russian -->
385    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
386    <!--- Slovenian -->
387    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
388    <!-- Serbian -->
389    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
390    <!-- Swedish -->
391    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
392    <!-- Tamil -->
393    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
394    <!-- Tagalog -->
395    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>
396    <!-- Turkish -->
397    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
398    <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
399    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
400    <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
401    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
402    </ul>
403    </div>
404    
405    </div>
406    
407  </body>  </body>
408  </html>  </html>
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