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3  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
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11    
12  <p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>  <h1>The Free Software Definition</h1>
13    
 <h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>  
14  <p>  <p>
15  <a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg" alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] " width="160" height="200" /></a>  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must
16    be true about a particular software program for it to be considered
17    free software.
18  </p>  </p>
19    
20  <p>  <p>
21  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
22  true about a particular software program for it to be considered  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>
23  free software.</p>  not as in <q>free beer.</q>
24  <p>  </p>
25  ``Free software'' is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand the  
 concept, you should think of ``free'' as in ``free speech,'' not as in  
 ``free beer.''</p>  
26  <p>  <p>
27  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
28  distribute, study, change and improve the software.  More precisely,  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to
29  it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:</p>  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:
30    </p>
31    
32  <ul>  <ul>
33    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
34    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to
35        (freedom 1).   Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition
36          for this.
37      </li>
38    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
39        (freedom 2).</li>        (freedom 2).
40      </li>
41    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements
42       to the public, so that the whole community benefits        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).
43        (freedom 3).   Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
44      </li>
45  </ul>  </ul>
46    
47  <p>  <p>
48  A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.  A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.  Thus,
49  Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or  you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without
50  without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
51  distribution, to <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
52  free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
53  have to ask or pay for permission.</p>  for permission.
54    </p>
55    
56  <p>  <p>
57  You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them  You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
58  privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they  privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
59  exist.  If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to  exist.  If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
60  notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.</p>  notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
61    </p>
62    
63  <p>  <p>
64  The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person  The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
65  or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind  or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
66  of overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
67  with the developer or any other specific entity.</p>  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
68    the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
69    purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,
70    and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
71    for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
72    </p>
73    
74  <p>  <p>
75  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
76  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
77  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
78  necessary for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there
79  ok if there is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
80  certain program (since some languages don't support that feature), but  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
81  you must have the freedom to redistribute such forms should you find  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
82  or develop a way to make them.</p>  make them.
83    </p>
84    
85  <p>  <p>
86  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved
87  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of
88  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary
89  condition for free software.</p>  condition for free software.
90    </p>
91    
92    <p>
93    One important way to modify a program is by merging in available
94    free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
95    cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the
96    copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive
97    to qualify as free.
98    </p>
99    
100  <p>  <p>
101  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as
102  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the
103  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,
104  cause, the software is not free.</p>  the software is not free.
105    </p>
106    
107  <p>  <p>
108  However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free  However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
109  software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central  software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
110  freedoms.  For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that  freedoms.  For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that
111  when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny  when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny
112  other people the central freedoms.  This rule does not conflict with  other people the central freedoms.  This rule does not conflict with
113  the central freedoms; rather it protects them.</p>  the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
114    </p>
115    
116    <p>
117    You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
118    obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
119    you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
120    <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
121    </p>
122    
123  <p>  <p>
124  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free
125  may have obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
126  your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
127  software, even to <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.</p>  is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
128  <p>  </p>
129  ``Free software'' does not mean ``non-commercial''.  A free program  
 must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and  
 commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software is  
 no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.</p>  
130  <p>  <p>
131  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
132  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions.  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or
133  Rules that ``if you make the program available in this way, you must  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if
134  make it available in that way also'' can be acceptable too, on the  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
135  same condition.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of  that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that
136  whether to publish the program or not.)  It is also acceptable for the  such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
137  license to require that, if you have distributed a modified version  at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for
138  and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one,  versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also
139  or that you identify yourself on your modifications.</p>  acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a
140    modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
141    must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
142    </p>
143    
144  <p>  <p>
145  In the GNU project, we use <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">``copyleft''</a>  In the GNU project, we use
146  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>
147    to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
148  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
149  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
150  important reasons why <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,
151  better to use copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted free  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still
152  software, we can still use it.</p>  use it.
153    </p>
154    
155  <p>  <p>
156  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>
157  for a description of how ``free software,'' ``copylefted software'' and  for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>
158  other categories of software relate to each other.</p>  and other categories of software relate to each other.
159    </p>
160    
161    <p>
162    Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
163    and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
164    programs internationally.  Software developers do not have the power to
165    eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
166    is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
167    way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
168    jurisdictions of these governments.
169    </p>
170    
171    <p>
172    Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
173    on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright.  If a
174    copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
175    is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
176    (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
177    licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
178    range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
179    such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.
180    </p>
181    
182    <p>
183    We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen.  If a
184    contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
185    copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
186    legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
187    it is non-free.
188    </p>
189    
190  <p>  <p>
191  Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
192  regulations</a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that
193  distribute copies of programs internationally.  Software developers do  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
194  not have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
195  what they can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
196  use of the program.  In this way, the restrictions will not affect  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
197  activities and people outside the jurisdictions of these governments.</p>  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
198  <p>  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.
199  Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are  </p>
200  limits on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright.  
 If a copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described  
 above, it is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never  
 anticipated (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some  
 free software licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can  
 impose a much larger range of possible restrictions.  That means there  
 are many possible ways such a license could be unacceptably  
 restrictive and non-free.</p>  
 <p>  
 We can't possibly list all the possible contract restrictions that  
 would be unacceptable.  If a contract-based license restricts the user  
 in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses cannot, and which  
 isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think about it,  
 and we will probably decide it is non-free.</p>  
 <p>  
 When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like  
 ``give away'' or ``for free'', because those terms imply that the  
 issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such as  
 ``piracy'' embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  
 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases  
 that are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  
 We also have a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations  
 of "free software"</a> into various languages.</p>  
201  <p>  <p>
202  Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software  Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
203  definition require careful thought for their interpretation.  To  definition require careful thought for their interpretation.  To decide
204  decide whether a specific software license qualifies as a free  whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
205  software license, we judge it based on these criteria to determine  we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
206  whether it fits their spirit as well as the precise words.  If a  spirit as well as the precise words.  If a license includes unconscionable
207  license includes unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we  restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue
208  did not anticipate the issue in these criteria.  Sometimes a license  in these criteria.  Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue
209  requirement raises an issue that calls for extensive thought,  that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer,
210  including discussions with a lawyer, before we can decide if the  before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable.  When we reach
211  requirement is acceptable.  When we reach a conclusion about a new  a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
212  issue, we often update these criteria to make it easier to see why  it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
213  certain licenses do or don't qualify.</p>  </p>
214  <p>  
215  If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a  <p>
216  free software license, see our <a  If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
217  href="/licenses/license-list.html">list of licenses</a>.  If the  software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
218  license you are concerned with is not listed there, you can ask us  of licenses</a>.  If the license you are concerned with is not
219  about it by sending us email at <a  listed there, you can ask us about it by sending us email at
220  href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">&lt;licensing@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p> <p>  <a href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">&lt;licensing@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
221    </p>
222    
223    <p>
224  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF
225  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software
226  software licenses means increased work for users in understanding the  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;
227  licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that
228  license that meets your needs.  meets your needs.
229  </p>  </p>
230    
231  <p>  <p>
# Line 189  If that isn't possible, if you really ne Line 233  If that isn't possible, if you really ne
233  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license
234  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
235  </p>  </p>
236  <hr />  
237    <h2 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h2>
238    
239  <p>  <p>
240  Another group has started using the term "open source" to mean  <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
241  something close (but not identical) to "free software".  We prefer the  for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
242  term "free software" because, once you have heard it refers to freedom  manuals are in effect part of the software.
243  rather than price, <a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">it calls  </p>
 to mind freedom</a>.  The word "open" never does that.</p>  
244    
245  <hr />  <p>
246  <h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
247    practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
248    such as educational works and reference
249    works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known
250    example.
251    </p>
252    
253    <p>
254    Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
255    has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
256    free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
257    </p>
258    
259  <!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about    -->  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
 <!-- verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking     -->  
 <!-- with the webmasters first. -->  
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 <!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->  
260    
261  <div class="translations">  <p>
262  <p><a id="translations"></a>  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean
263  <b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We
264    prefer the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard that
265    it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
266    word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
267    never refers to freedom</a>.
268    </p>
269    
270  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  </div>
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 [  
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   <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>  
271    
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272    
273  | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>        <!-- Czech -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
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 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>    <!-- Japanese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>    <!-- Korean -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>      <!-- Hungarian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>  <!-- Dutch -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>       <!-- Norwegian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>      <!-- Polish -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>     <!-- Portuguese -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x00e3;</a>        <!-- Romanian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a> <!-- Russian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>   <!--- Slovenian -->  
 | <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>        <!-- Turkish -->  
 ]  
 </p>  
 </div>  
274    
275  <div class="copyright">  <div id="footer">
 <p>  
 Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.  
 </p>  
276    
277  <p>  <p>
278  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
279  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.
280  There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">other ways to contact</a>
281  the FSF.  the FSF.
282  <br />  <br />
283  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to  Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
# Line 274  Please send broken links and other corre Line 286  Please send broken links and other corre
286    
287  <p>  <p>
288  Please see the  Please see the
289  <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations  <a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations
290  README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting  README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
291  translations of this article.  translations of this article.
292  </p>  </p>
293    
294  <p>  <p>
295  Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
296  Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
297  02111,  USA  </p>
298  <br />  <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>
299  Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
300  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
301  preserved.  preserved.
302  </p>  </p>
# Line 292  preserved. Line 304  preserved.
304  <p>  <p>
305  Updated:  Updated:
306  <!-- timestamp start -->  <!-- timestamp start -->
307  $Date$ $Author$  $Date$
308  <!-- timestamp end -->  <!-- timestamp end -->
309  </p>  </p>
310  </div>  </div>
311    
312    <div id="translations">
313    <h3>Translations of this page:</h3>
314    
315    <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
316    <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
317    <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
318    <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->
319    <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
320    <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
321    <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
322    <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
323    <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
324    <!--      to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
325    <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
326    <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
327    <ul class="translations-list">
328    <!-- Arabic -->
329    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>
330    <!-- Azerbaijani -->
331    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>
332    <!-- Bulgarian -->
333    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>
334    <!-- Bengali -->
335    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
336    <!-- Bosnian -->
337    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">Bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>
338    <!-- Catalan -->
339    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>
340    <!-- Czech -->
341    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>
342    <!-- Danish -->
343    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>
344    <!-- German -->
345    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>
346    <!-- Greek -->
347    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x0395;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>
348    <!-- English -->
349    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
350    <!-- Esperanto -->
351    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
352    <!-- Spanish -->
353    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
354    <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
355    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
356    <!-- French -->
357    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
358    <!-- Galician -->
359    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
360    <!-- Hebrew -->
361    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
362    <!-- Croatian -->
363    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
364    <!-- Hungarian -->
365    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
366    <!-- Indonesian -->
367    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
368    <!-- Italian -->
369    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
370    <!-- Japanese -->
371    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
372    <!-- Korean -->
373    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
374    <!-- Dutch -->
375    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
376    <!-- Norwegian -->
377    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.no.html">Norsk</a>&nbsp;[no]</li>
378    <!-- Polish -->
379    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
380    <!-- Portuguese -->
381    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt.html">Portugu&#x0ea;s</a>&nbsp;[pt]</li>
382    <!-- Romanian -->
383    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
384    <!-- Russian -->
385    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
386    <!--- Slovenian -->
387    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
388    <!-- Serbian -->
389    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
390    <!-- Swedish -->
391    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
392    <!-- Tagalog -->
393    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>
394    <!-- Turkish -->
395    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
396    <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
397    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
398    <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
399    <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
400    </ul>
401    </div>
402    
403    </div>
404    
405  </body>  </body>
406  </html>  </html>
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