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1  <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
2    
3  <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>  <title>What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
4    
5  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />  <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
6  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />  <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />
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8  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />  <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9    
10  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->  <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11    <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
12    
13  <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>  <h2>What is free software?</h2>
14    
15    <h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
16    
17  <p>  <p>
18  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be  We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
# Line 20  the <a href="#History">History section</ Line 23  the <a href="#History">History section</
23  </p>  </p>
24    
25  <p>  <p>
26  <q>Free software</q> is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand
27  the concept, you should think of <q>free</q> as in <q>free speech,</q>  the concept, you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo;
28  not as in <q>free beer.</q>  not as in &ldquo;free beer&rdquo;.
29  </p>  </p>
30    
31  <p>  <p>
32  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,  Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
33  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it refers to  study, change and improve the software.  More precisely, it means that the
34  four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:  program's users have the four essential freedoms:
35  </p>  </p>
36    
37  <ul>  <ul>
38    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>    <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
39    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to    <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
40        your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition        does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
41        for this.        code is a precondition for this.
42    </li>    </li>
43    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor    <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
44        (freedom 2).        (freedom 2).
45    </li>    </li>
46    <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements    <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
47        to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).        to others (freedom 3).  By doing this you can give the whole
48          community a chance to benefit from your changes.
49        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.        Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
50    </li>    </li>
51  </ul>  </ul>
# Line 52  you should be free to redistribute copie Line 56  you should be free to redistribute copie
56  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to  modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
57  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these  <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>.  Being free to do these
58  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay  things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
59  for permission.  for permission to do so.
60  </p>  </p>
61    
62  <p>  <p>
# Line 68  or organization to use it on any kind of Line 72  or organization to use it on any kind of
72  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it  overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
73  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is  with the developer or any other specific entity.  In this freedom, it is
74  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>  the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
75  purpose; you as a user are free to run a program for your purposes,  purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
76  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it  and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
77  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.  for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
78  </p>  </p>
# Line 77  for her purposes, but you are not entitl Line 81  for her purposes, but you are not entitl
81  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable  The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
82  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and  forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
83  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary  unmodified versions.  (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
84  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is ok if there  for conveniently installable free operating systems.)  It is OK if there
85  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program  is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
86  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the  (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
87  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to  freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
# Line 85  make them. Line 89  make them.
89  </p>  </p>
90    
91  <p>  <p>
92  In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved  In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
93  versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of  freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
94  the program.  Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary  access to the source code of the program.  Therefore, accessibility of
95  condition for free software.  source code is a necessary condition for free software.  Obfuscated
96    &ldquo;source code&rdquo; is not real source code and does not count
97    as source code.
98    </p>
99    
100    <p>
101    Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
102    the original.  If the program is delivered in a product designed to
103    run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash; a
104    practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or &ldquo;lockdown&rdquo;,
105    or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as &ldquo;secure
106    boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
107    than a practical freedom.  This is not sufficient.  In other words,
108    these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
109    compiled from is free.
110    </p>
111    
112    <p>
113    One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
114    subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you
115    cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
116    requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
117    license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
118  </p>  </p>
119    
120  <p>  <p>
121  One important way to modify a program is by merging in available  Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
122  free subroutines and modules.  If the program's license says that you  as free software.  A free license may also permit other ways of
123  cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the  releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
124  copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive  a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license.  However, a
125  to qualify as free.  license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
126    as a free license.
127  </p>  </p>
128    
129  <p>  <p>
130  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as  In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
131  long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the  irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
132  power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause,  software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
133  the software is not free.  its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
134    software is not free.
135  </p>  </p>
136    
137  <p>  <p>
# Line 116  the central freedoms; rather it protects Line 144  the central freedoms; rather it protects
144  </p>  </p>
145    
146  <p>  <p>
147    &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; does not mean &ldquo;noncommercial&rdquo;.  A free
148    program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
149    and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software
150    is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
151  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have  You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
152  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,  obtained copies at no charge.  But regardless of how you got your copies,
153  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to  you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
# Line 123  you always have the freedom to copy and Line 155  you always have the freedom to copy and
155  </p>  </p>
156    
157  <p>  <p>
158  <q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q>  A free  Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
159  program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,  If your modifications are limited, in substance, to changes that
160  and commercial distribution.  Commercial development of free software  someone else considers an improvement, that is not freedom.
161  is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.  </p>
162    
163    <p>
164    However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
165    if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
166    versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
167    Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
168    name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
169    modifications as yours.  As long as these requirements are not so
170    burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
171    changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
172    the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
173  </p>  </p>
174    
175  <p>  <p>
176  Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they  Rules that &ldquo;if you make your version available in this way, you
177  don't substantively block your freedom to release modified versions, or  must make it available in that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too,
178  your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.  Rules that <q>if  on the same condition.  An example of such an acceptable rule is one
179  you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in  saying that if you have distributed a
 that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition.  (Note that  
 such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version  
 at all.)  Rules that require release of source code to the users for  
 versions that you put into public use are also acceptable.  It is also  
 acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a  
180  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you  modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
181  must send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.  must send one.  (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
182    whether to distribute your version at all.)  Rules that require release
183    of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
184    are also acceptable.
185  </p>  </p>
186    
187  <p>  <p>
188  In the GNU project, we use  In the GNU project, we use
189  <q><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q>  <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
190  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But  to protect these freedoms legally for everyone.  But
191  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted  <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
192  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why  free software</a> also exists.  We believe there are important reasons why
193  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>,  <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
194  but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can still  but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
195  use it.  ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
 </p>  
   
 <p>  
 See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a>  
 for a description of how <q>free software,</q> <q>copylefted software</q>  
 and other categories of software relate to each other.  
196  </p>  </p>
197    
198  <p>  <p>
# Line 167  programs internationally.  Software deve Line 202  programs internationally.  Software deve
202  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do  eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
203  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this  is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.  In this
204  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the  way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
205  jurisdictions of these governments.  jurisdictions of these governments.  Thus, free software licenses
206    must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
207    any of the essential freedoms.
208  </p>  </p>
209    
210  <p>  <p>
# Line 178  is unlikely to have some other sort of p Line 215  is unlikely to have some other sort of p
215  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software  (though this does happen occasionally).  However, some free software
216  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger  licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
217  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways  range of possible restrictions.  That means there are many possible ways
218  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.  such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
219  </p>  </p>
220    
221  <p>  <p>
# Line 186  We can't possibly list all the ways that Line 223  We can't possibly list all the ways that
223  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that  contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
224  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as  copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
225  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude  legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
226  it is non-free.  it is nonfree.
227  </p>  </p>
228    
229  <p>  <p>
230  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms  When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
231  like <q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that  like &ldquo;give away&rdquo; or &ldquo;for free,&rdquo; because those terms imply that
232  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such  the issue is about price, not freedom.  Some common terms such
233  as <q>piracy</q> embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See  as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; embody opinions we hope you won't endorse.  See
234  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
235  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have  are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms.  We also have
236  a list of <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of  a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
237  <q>free software</q></a> into various languages.  &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
238  </p>  </p>
239    
240  <p>  <p>
# Line 223  listed there, you can ask us about it by Line 260  listed there, you can ask us about it by
260  </p>  </p>
261    
262  <p>  <p>
263  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the FSF  If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
264  by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free software  Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
265  licenses means increased work for users in understanding the licenses;  proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
266  we may be able to help you find an existing Free Software license that  for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
267  meets your needs.  find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
268  </p>  </p>
269    
270  <p>  <p>
271  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our  If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
272  help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software license  help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
273  and avoid various practical problems.  and avoid various practical problems.
274  </p>  </p>
275    
# Line 248  manuals are in effect part of the softwa Line 285  manuals are in effect part of the softwa
285  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of  The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
286  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,  practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
287  such as educational works and reference  such as educational works and reference
288  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best known  works.  <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
289  example.  example.
290  </p>  </p>
291    
# Line 261  free cultural works</a> applicable to an Line 298  free cultural works</a> applicable to an
298  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>  <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
299    
300  <p>  <p>
301  Another group has started using the term <q>open source</q> to mean  Another group has started using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; to mean
302  something close (but not identical) to <q>free software.</q>  We  something close (but not identical) to &ldquo;free software&rdquo;.  We
303  prefer the term <q>free software</q> because, once you have heard that  prefer the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; because, once you have heard that
304  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The  it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom.  The
305  word <q>open</q> <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">  word &ldquo;open&rdquo; <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
306  never refers to freedom</a>.  never refers to freedom</a>.
307  </p>  </p>
308    
# Line 278  them if they like.</p> Line 315  them if they like.</p>
315    
316  <ul>  <ul>
317    
318  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.71&amp;r2=1.72">Version  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.104&amp;r2=1.105">Version
319  1.72</a>: Add this History section.</li>  1.105</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
320    (already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
321    version for your computing.</li>
322    
323    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
324    1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
325    
326    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.89&amp;r2=1.90">Version
327    1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
328    of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
329    in someone else's development project.</li>
330    
331    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.88&amp;r2=1.89">Version
332    1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
333    free software.</li>
334    
335    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
336    1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
337    i.e., no tivoization.</li>
338    
339    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
340    1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
341    unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
342    replacement.</li>
343    
344    <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.73&amp;r2=1.74">Version
345    1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
346    in some places but not reflected everywhere:
347    <ul>
348    <li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
349    substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
350    Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
351    <li>The right to merge in existing modules
352    refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
353    <li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
354    <li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
355    </ul>
356    </li>
357    
358  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version  <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version
359  1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>  1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>
# Line 333  interface</a>.</p> Line 407  interface</a>.</p>
407    
408  <p>  <p>
409  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to  Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
410  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
411  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>  There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
412  the FSF.  the FSF.
413  <br />  <br />
414  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to  Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
415  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.  <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
416  </p>  </p>
417    
418  <p>  <p>
# Line 349  translations of this article. Line 423  translations of this article.
423  </p>  </p>
424    
425  <p>  <p>
426  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,  Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004,
427  2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
428  </p>  </p>
429  <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>  <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
430  <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is  href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
431  permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is  Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
 preserved.  
432  </p>  </p>
433    
434  <p>  <p>
# Line 366  $Date$ Line 439  $Date$
439  </p>  </p>
440  </div>  </div>
441    
442  <div id="translations">  <!-- <div id="translations"> -->
443  <h4>Translations of this page</h4>  <!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
444    <!--  -->
445  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->  <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
446  <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->  <!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
447  <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->  <!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
448  <!-- English is.  If you add a new language here, please -->  <!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
449  <!-- advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->  <!--      advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to -->
450  <!--    - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->  <!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
451  <!--    - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->  <!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
452  <!--      one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->  <!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
453  <!--    - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->  <!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
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455  <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->  <!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
456  <!--     http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->  <!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
457  <ul class="translations-list">  <!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
458    <!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
459    <!--  -->
460    <!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
461  <!-- Afrikaans -->  <!-- Afrikaans -->
462  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li> -->
463  <!-- Arabic -->  <!-- Arabic -->
464  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li> -->
465  <!-- Azerbaijani -->  <!-- Azerbaijani -->
466  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li> -->
467  <!-- Bulgarian -->  <!-- Bulgarian -->
468  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li> -->
469  <!-- Bengali -->  <!-- Bengali -->
470  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li> -->
471  <!-- Bosnian -->  <!-- Bosnian -->
472  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">Bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li> -->
473  <!-- Catalan -->  <!-- Catalan -->
474  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">Catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
475  <!-- Czech -->  <!-- Czech -->
476  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
477  <!-- Danish -->  <!-- Danish -->
478  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">Dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li> -->
479  <!-- German -->  <!-- German -->
480  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
481  <!-- Greek -->  <!-- Greek -->
482  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x0395;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x03b5;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li> -->
483  <!-- English -->  <!-- English -->
484  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
485  <!-- Esperanto -->  <!-- Esperanto -->
486  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li> -->
487  <!-- Spanish -->  <!-- Spanish -->
488  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">Espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> -->
489  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->  <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
490  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li> -->
491  <!-- French -->  <!-- French -->
492  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li> -->
493  <!-- Galician -->  <!-- Galician -->
494  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">Galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li> -->
495  <!-- Hebrew -->  <!-- Hebrew -->
496  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li> -->
497  <!-- Croatian -->  <!-- Croatian -->
498  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li> -->
499  <!-- Hungarian -->  <!-- Hungarian -->
500  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">Magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li> -->
501  <!-- Indonesian -->  <!-- Indonesian -->
502  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li> -->
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504  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">Italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li> -->
505  <!-- Japanese -->  <!-- Japanese -->
506  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li> -->
507  <!-- Korean -->  <!-- Korean -->
508  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li> -->
509  <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->  <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
510  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">Norsk (Bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li> -->
511  <!-- Dutch -->  <!-- Dutch -->
512  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li> -->
513  <!-- Polish -->  <!-- Polish -->
514  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">Polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
515  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->  <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
516  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
517  <!-- Romanian -->  <!-- Romanian -->
518  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">Rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li> -->
519  <!-- Russian -->  <!-- Russian -->
520  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li> -->
521  <!--- Slovenian -->  <!-- Slovak -->
522  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">Slovinsko</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li> -->
523    <!-- - Slovenian -->
524    <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li> -->
525  <!-- Serbian -->  <!-- Serbian -->
526  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li> -->
527  <!-- Swedish -->  <!-- Swedish -->
528  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">Svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li> -->
529  <!-- Tamil -->  <!-- Tamil -->
530  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li> -->
531  <!-- Tagalog -->  <!-- Tagalog -->
532  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li> -->
533  <!-- Turkish -->  <!-- Turkish -->
534  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li> -->
535  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->  <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
536  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li> -->
537  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->  <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
538  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>  <!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li> -->
539  </ul>  <!-- </ul> -->
540  </div>  <!-- </div> -->
541    
542  </div>  </div>
543    
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