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Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point that
tivoization violates it.

1 yavor 1.95 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
2 mattl 1.52
3     <title>The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
4 johnsu01 1.45
5 mattl 1.55 <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
6     <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." />
7 mattl 1.52 <link rel="alternate" title="What's New" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
8     <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
9 johnsu01 1.45
10 mattl 1.52 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
11 wkotwica 1.24
12 jocke 1.67 <h2>The Free Software Definition</h2>
13 webcvs 1.1
14 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
15 brett 1.72 We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be
16     true about a particular software program for it to be considered free
17     software. From time to time we revise this definition to clarify it.
18     If you would like to review the changes we've made, please see
19     the <a href="#History">History section</a> below for more information.
20 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
21    
22 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
23 karl 1.91 &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand
24     the concept, you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo;
25     not as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;
26 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
27    
28 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
29 sinuhe 1.48 Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute,
30 rms 1.84 study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it means that the
31     program's users have the four essential freedoms:
32 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
33 webcvs 1.1
34 wkotwica 1.24 <ul>
35     <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
36 rms 1.105 <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
37     does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
38     code is a precondition for this.
39 sinuhe 1.48 </li>
40 wkotwica 1.24 <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
41 sinuhe 1.48 (freedom 2).
42     </li>
43 rms 1.90 <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
44     to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole
45     community a chance to benefit from your changes.
46 sinuhe 1.48 Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
47     </li>
48 wkotwica 1.24 </ul>
49 webcvs 1.1
50 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
51 sinuhe 1.48 A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus,
52     you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without
53     modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
54     <a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
55     things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
56 rms 1.88 for permission to do so.
57 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
58    
59 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
60 webcvs 1.1 You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
61     privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
62     exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
63 sinuhe 1.48 notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
64     </p>
65    
66 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
67 sinuhe 1.48 The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
68     or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
69     overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
70     with the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is
71     the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
72 rms 1.88 purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
73 sinuhe 1.48 and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
74     for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
75 rms 1.46 </p>
76 sinuhe 1.48
77 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
78 webcvs 1.1 The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
79 rms 1.5 forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
80 sinuhe 1.48 unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
81 rms 1.88 for conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there
82 sinuhe 1.48 is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
83     (since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
84     freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
85     make them.
86     </p>
87    
88 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
89 rms 1.88 In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
90     freedom to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have
91     access to the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of
92 rms 1.92 source code is a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated
93     &ldquo;source code&rdquo; is not real source code and does not count
94     as source code.
95 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
96    
97 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
98 rms 1.80 Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
99     the original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to
100 rms 1.105 run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours &mdash; a
101     practice known as &ldquo;tivoization&rdquo; or &ldquo;lockdown&rdquo;,
102     or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as &ldquo;secure
103     boot&rdquo; &mdash; freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
104     than a practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words,
105     these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
106     compiled from is free.
107 rms 1.80 </p>
108    
109     <p>
110 rms 1.74 One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
111     subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you
112 rms 1.88 cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module &mdash; for instance, if it
113     requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add &mdash; then the
114 rms 1.74 license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
115 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
116    
117 novalis 1.40 <p>
118 rms 1.93 Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
119 rms 1.89 as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of
120     releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
121     a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a
122     license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
123     as a free license.
124     </p>
125    
126     <p>
127 rms 1.79 In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
128     irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
129     software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively change
130     its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the
131     software is not free.
132 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
133    
134 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
135 webcvs 1.1 However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
136     software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
137     freedoms. For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that
138     when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny
139     other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with
140 sinuhe 1.48 the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
141     </p>
142    
143     <p>
144 karl 1.91 &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; does not mean &ldquo;noncommercial.&rdquo; A free
145 rms 1.75 program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
146     and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software
147     is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
148 sinuhe 1.48 You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
149     obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies,
150     you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
151     <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
152     </p>
153    
154 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
155 rms 1.74 Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
156     If your modifications are limited, in substance, to changes that
157     someone else considers an improvement, that is not freedom.
158     </p>
159    
160     <p>
161 rms 1.98 However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
162     if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
163     versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
164     Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
165     name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
166     modifications as yours. As long as these requirements are not so
167     burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
168     changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
169     the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
170     </p>
171    
172     <p>
173     Rules that &ldquo;if you make your version available in this way, you
174     must make it available in that way also&rdquo; can be acceptable too,
175     on the same condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one
176     saying that if you have distributed a
177     modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
178     must send one. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
179     whether to distribute your version at all.) Rules that require release
180     of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
181     are also acceptable.
182 rms 1.39 </p>
183 sinuhe 1.48
184 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
185 sinuhe 1.48 In the GNU project, we use
186 jrasata 1.94 <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
187 sinuhe 1.48 to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But
188 jrasata 1.96 <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
189 sinuhe 1.48 free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
190 brett 1.87 <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
191 jrasata 1.96 but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
192 jrasata 1.97 ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; &ldquo;copylefted software&rdquo; and other categories of software relate to each other.)
193 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
194    
195     <p>
196     Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
197     and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
198     programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to
199     eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
200     is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this
201     way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
202 rms 1.74 jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses
203 brett 1.76 must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
204 rms 1.74 any of the essential freedoms.
205 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
206    
207 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
208 sinuhe 1.48 Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
209     on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
210     copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
211     is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
212     (though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
213     licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
214     range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
215 rms 1.88 such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
216 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
217    
218 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
219 rms 1.41 We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a
220     contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
221     copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
222 sinuhe 1.48 legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
223 rms 1.88 it is nonfree.
224 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
225    
226 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
227 sinuhe 1.48 When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
228 karl 1.91 like &ldquo;give away&rdquo; or &ldquo;for free,&rdquo; because those terms imply that
229 sinuhe 1.48 the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
230 karl 1.91 as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See
231 sinuhe 1.48 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
232     are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have
233 rms 1.88 a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
234 karl 1.91 &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into various languages.
235 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
236    
237 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
238 webcvs 1.2 Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
239 sinuhe 1.48 definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
240     whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
241     we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
242     spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable
243     restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue
244     in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue
245     that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer,
246     before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach
247     a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
248     it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
249     </p>
250    
251     <p>
252     If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
253     software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
254     of licenses</a>. If the license you are concerned with is not
255     listed there, you can ask us about it by sending us email at
256     <a href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">&lt;licensing@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
257     </p>
258    
259     <p>
260 rms 1.88 If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
261     Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
262     proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
263     for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
264     find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
265 novalis 1.29 </p>
266 webcvs 1.2
267 novalis 1.29 <p>
268     If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
269 rms 1.88 help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
270 novalis 1.29 and avoid various practical problems.
271     </p>
272 sinuhe 1.48
273 jocke 1.59 <h2 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h2>
274 rms 1.57
275     <p>
276 yavor 1.61 <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
277     for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
278     manuals are in effect part of the software.
279 rms 1.57 </p>
280    
281     <p>
282     The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
283 yavor 1.61 practical use &mdash; that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
284 rms 1.57 such as educational works and reference
285 jrasata 1.103 works. <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
286 rms 1.57 example.
287     </p>
288    
289     <p>
290     Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
291     has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
292     free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
293     </p>
294    
295 karl 1.56 <h2 id="open-source">Open Source?</h2>
296 webcvs 1.1
297 wkotwica 1.24 <p>
298 karl 1.91 Another group has started using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; to mean
299     something close (but not identical) to &ldquo;free software.&rdquo; We
300     prefer the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; because, once you have heard that
301 yavor 1.61 it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
302 karl 1.91 word &ldquo;open&rdquo; <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
303 yavor 1.61 never refers to freedom</a>.
304 sinuhe 1.48 </p>
305 wkotwica 1.24
306 brett 1.72 <h2 id="History">History</h2>
307    
308     <p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition to
309     clarify it. Here we provide a list of those modifications, along with
310     links to illustrate exactly what changed, so that others can review
311     them if they like.</p>
312    
313     <ul>
314    
315 rms 1.105 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.103&amp;r2=1.104">Version
316     1.104</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
317     (already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
318     version for your computing.</li>
319    
320 rms 1.92 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.91&amp;r2=1.92">Version
321     1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
322    
323 rms 1.90 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.89&amp;r2=1.90">Version
324     1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
325     of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
326     in someone else's development project.</li>
327    
328 rms 1.89 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.88&amp;r2=1.89">Version
329     1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
330     free software.</li>
331    
332 rms 1.80 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.79&amp;r2=1.80">Version
333     1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
334     i.e., no tivoization.</li>
335    
336 brett 1.77 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.76&amp;r2=1.77">Version
337     1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
338     unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
339     replacement.</li>
340    
341 rms 1.74 <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.73&amp;r2=1.74">Version
342 rms 1.75 1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
343 rms 1.74 in some places but not reflected everywhere:
344     <ul>
345     <li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
346     substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
347     Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
348     <li>The right to merge in existing modules
349     refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
350     <li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
351 rms 1.75 <li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
352 rms 1.74 </ul>
353     </li>
354 brett 1.72
355     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.56&amp;r2=1.57">Version
356     1.57</a>: Add &quot;Beyond Software&quot; section.</li>
357    
358     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.45&amp;r2=1.46">Version
359     1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
360     the program for any purpose.</li>
361    
362     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.40&amp;r2=1.41">Version
363     1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
364    
365     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.39&amp;r2=1.40">Version
366     1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
367 brett 1.73 available free software to create your modifications.</li>
368 brett 1.72
369     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.38&amp;r2=1.39">Version
370     1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
371     provide source for versions of the software you put into public
372 brett 1.73 use.</li>
373 brett 1.72
374     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.30&amp;r2=1.31">Version
375     1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
376     identify yourself as the author of modifications. Other minor
377     clarifications throughout the text.</li>
378    
379     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.22&amp;r2=1.23">Version
380     1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
381     licenses.</li>
382    
383     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.15&amp;r2=1.16">Version
384     1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
385    
386     <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;r1=1.10&amp;r2=1.11">Version
387     1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
388     versions you distribute to the author.</li>
389    
390     </ul>
391    
392     <p>There are gaps in the version numbers because there are many other
393     changes that do not affect the substance of the definition at all.
394     Instead, they fix links, add translations, and so on. If you would
395     like to review the complete list of changes, you can do so on
396     our <a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&amp;view=log">cvsweb
397     interface</a>.</p>
398    
399 mattl 1.52 </div>
400 alex_muntada 1.32
401 mattl 1.52 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
402 wkotwica 1.24
403 mattl 1.52 <div id="footer">
404 wkotwica 1.24
405     <p>
406     Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
407 yavor 1.82 <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
408 yavor 1.71 There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
409 wkotwica 1.24 the FSF.
410     <br />
411 yavor 1.71 Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
412 yavor 1.82 <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
413 wkotwica 1.24 </p>
414    
415     <p>
416     Please see the
417 karl 1.65 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
418 wkotwica 1.24 README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
419     translations of this article.
420     </p>
421    
422     <p>
423 brett 1.100 Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004,
424 jrasata 1.99 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
425 yavor 1.61 </p>
426 jturner 1.104 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
427     href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
428     Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
429 wkotwica 1.24 </p>
430    
431     <p>
432 webcvs 1.1 Updated:
433 paulv 1.3 <!-- timestamp start -->
434 rms 1.105 $Date: 2011/07/13 17:30:48 $
435 paulv 1.3 <!-- timestamp end -->
436 wkotwica 1.24 </p>
437     </div>
438 rms46 1.10
439 mattl 1.52 <div id="translations">
440 yavor 1.64 <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
441 mattl 1.52
442 yavor 1.95 <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
443     Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
444     Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
445     If you add a new language here, please
446     advise web-translators@gnu.org and add it to
447     - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
448     - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
449     - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
450     to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
451     Please also check you have the language code right; see:
452     http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
453     If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
454     use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
455     Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
456    
457 mattl 1.54 <ul class="translations-list">
458 yavor 1.68 <!-- Afrikaans -->
459     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a>&nbsp;[af]</li>
460 yavor 1.61 <!-- Arabic -->
461     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;</a>&nbsp;[ar]</li>
462     <!-- Azerbaijani -->
463     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Az&#x0259;rbaycanca</a>&nbsp;[az]</li>
464     <!-- Bulgarian -->
465     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">&#x431;&#x44A;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;</a>&nbsp;[bg]</li>
466     <!-- Bengali -->
467     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;</a>&nbsp;[bn]</li>
468     <!-- Bosnian -->
469 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a>&nbsp;[bs]</li>
470 yavor 1.61 <!-- Catalan -->
471 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li>
472 yavor 1.61 <!-- Czech -->
473     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li>
474     <!-- Danish -->
475 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a>&nbsp;[da]</li>
476 yavor 1.61 <!-- German -->
477     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li>
478     <!-- Greek -->
479 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">&#x03b5;&#x03bb;&#x03bb;&#x03b7;&#x03bd;&#x03b9;&#x03ba;&#x03ac;</a>&nbsp;[el]</li>
480 yavor 1.61 <!-- English -->
481     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
482     <!-- Esperanto -->
483     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a>&nbsp;[eo]</li>
484     <!-- Spanish -->
485 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li>
486 yavor 1.61 <!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
487     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x06cc;</a>&nbsp;[fa]</li>
488     <!-- French -->
489 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
490 yavor 1.61 <!-- Galician -->
491 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a>&nbsp;[gl]</li>
492 yavor 1.61 <!-- Hebrew -->
493     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">&#x05e2;&#x05d1;&#x05e8;&#x05d9;&#x05ea;</a>&nbsp;[he]</li>
494     <!-- Croatian -->
495 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a>&nbsp;[hr]</li>
496 yavor 1.61 <!-- Hungarian -->
497 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hu.html">magyar</a>&nbsp;[hu]</li>
498 yavor 1.61 <!-- Indonesian -->
499     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>&nbsp;[id]</li>
500     <!-- Italian -->
501 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a>&nbsp;[it]</li>
502 yavor 1.61 <!-- Japanese -->
503     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">&#x65e5;&#x672c;&#x8a9e;</a>&nbsp;[ja]</li>
504     <!-- Korean -->
505     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">&#xd55c;&#xad6d;&#xc5b4;</a>&nbsp;[ko]</li>
506 yavor 1.70 <!-- Norwegian Bokmål -->
507 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokm&aring;l)</a>&nbsp;[nb]</li>
508 yavor 1.61 <!-- Dutch -->
509     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a>&nbsp;[nl]</li>
510     <!-- Polish -->
511 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li>
512 yavor 1.71 <!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
513     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li>
514 yavor 1.61 <!-- Romanian -->
515 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">rom&#x00e2;n&#x0103;</a>&nbsp;[ro]</li>
516 yavor 1.61 <!-- Russian -->
517 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a>&nbsp;[ru]</li>
518     <!-- Slovak -->
519     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">sloven&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sk]</li>
520 yavor 1.61 <!--- Slovenian -->
521 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">sloven&scaron;&#269;ina</a>&nbsp;[sl]</li>
522 yavor 1.61 <!-- Serbian -->
523 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x043f;&#x0441;&#x043a;&#x0438;</a>&nbsp;[sr]</li>
524 yavor 1.61 <!-- Swedish -->
525 yavor 1.78 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
526 yavor 1.66 <!-- Tamil -->
527     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
528 yavor 1.61 <!-- Tagalog -->
529     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a>&nbsp;[tl]</li>
530     <!-- Turkish -->
531     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
532 yavor 1.63 <!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
533     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
534     <!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
535     <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
536 mattl 1.52 </ul>
537     </div>
538    
539     </div>
540    
541 wkotwica 1.24 </body>
542     </html>

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