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10 -->
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12 <!--#set var="DISTRO" value="dragora"
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16 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
17 <title>GNU 作業系統與自由軟體運動</title>
18
19 <meta name="keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, 自由軟體基金會, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free
20 Software, 自由軟體, Libre Software, Operating System, 作業系統, GNU Kernel, GNU 核心,
21 GNU 內核, GNU Hurd" />
22 <meta name="description" content="起源於1983年,持續不斷開發自由的 Unix 風作業系統 GNU,使電腦使用者能擁有分享這些軟體並改善的自由。" />
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208
209
210
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212 </style>
213
214 <!--#include virtual="/po/home.translist" -->
215 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
216 <p class="no-display">GNU 是唯一特別開發給使用者享受自由的作業系統。GNU 是什麼?我們有哪些自由正受到危害?</p>
217
218 <!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
219 <!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.zh-tw.html" -->
220 <div id="home">
221 <div class="first-column" role="article">
222
223 <div style="margin: 2.3em auto 0" class="c">
224
225 <!-- Please change the URLs of embedded resources from
226 https://static.fsf.org/* to https://static.gnu.org/* (RT #1868684) -->
227 <video width="512" height="288" controls="controls" crossorigin="anonymous"
228 poster="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/thumbnails/festival.jpeg">
229 <source
230 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/videos/escape-to-freedom-720p.webm"
231 type="video/webm" />
232 <source
233 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/videos/escape-to-freedom-720p.ogv"
234 type="video/ogg" />
235 <source
236 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/videos/escape-to-freedom-720p.mp4"
237 type="video/mp4" />
238 <track kind="subtitles" label="English" srclang="en"
239 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/captions/escape-to-freedom_en.vtt"
240 default="default" />
241 <track kind="subtitles" label="Czech" srclang="cs"
242 src="/server/banners/escape-to-freedom_cs.vtt" />
243 <track kind="subtitles" label="Spanish" srclang="es"
244 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/captions/escape-to-freedom_es.vtt"
245 />
246 <track kind="subtitles" label="French" srclang="fr"
247 src="/server/banners/escape-to-freedom_fr.vtt" />
248 <track kind="subtitles" label="Chinese" srclang="zh"
249 src="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/captions/escape-to-freedom_zh.vtt"
250 />
251 </video>
252 </div>
253
254 <p class="c">
255 <a
256 href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/help-others-find-free-software-watch-and-share-escape-to-freedom">
257 Escape to Freedom: A video from the FSF</a></p>
258
259 <h2 class="first">GNU 是什麼?</h2>
260
261 <p>GNU 是個<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由軟體</a>作業系統——也就是說,它尊重使用者的自由。GNU
262 作業系統由 GNU 軟體包(指稱 GNU 專案所發行的程式)構成。有了 GNU 的開發,人們得以使用電腦而不必忍受踐踏你自由的軟體。</p>
263
264 <p>我們推薦完全由自由軟體組成的<a href="/distros/free-distros.html">可安裝 GNU 版本</a>(更精確來講是
265 GNU/Linux 散布版)。<a href="#More-GNU">以下有更多 GNU 相關資訊</a>。</p>
266
267 <div class="btn-left">
268 <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">試試 GNU/Linux</a></div>
269 <div style="clear:both"></div>
270
271 <div id="gnu-linux" role="figure">
272 <div class="screenshot">
273
274 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = dragora" -->
275 <a href="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde.jpg"><img
276 width="512" height="288"
277 src="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde-medium.jpg"
278 alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2 with TDE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
279 <p><small><a href="https://dragora.org/index.html"> Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2</a>
280 with <a href="https://www.trinitydesktop.org/">TDE</a> desktop</small></p>
281
282 <!--#endif -->
283 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = guix" -->
284 <a href="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3.jpg"><img
285 width="512" height="288"
286 src="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3-medium.jpg"
287 alt="&nbsp;[Guix&nbsp;0.15 搭配 GNOME&nbsp;3 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
288 <p><small><a href="/software/guix/">Guix&nbsp;0.15</a> 搭配 <a
289 href="https://www.gnome.org/">GNOME&nbsp;3</a> 桌面、Epiphany 網頁瀏覽器、Totem
290 影片播放器、GNOME 終端模擬器</small></p>
291
292 <!--#endif -->
293 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = hyperbola" -->
294 <a href="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png"><img
295 width="512" height="288"
296 src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png"
297 alt="&nbsp;[Hyperbola 搭配 i3 視窗管理員的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
298 <p><small><a href="https://www.hyperbola.info/"> Hyperbola&nbsp;0.3</a> 搭配 <a
299 href="https://i3wm.org/">i3 視窗管理員</a>、cool-retro-term (終端機模擬器)、Gimp
300 (影像編輯器)、Iceweasel-UXP (網頁瀏覽器)</small></p>
301
302 <!--#endif -->
303 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = parabola" -->
304 <a href="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde.jpg"><img
305 width="512" height="288"
306 src="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde-medium.jpg"
307 alt="&nbsp;[Parabola 搭配 LXDE 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
308 <p><small><a href="https://www.parabola.nu">Parabola&nbsp;2020</a> with <a
309 href="http://lxde.sourceforge.net/about.html">LXDE desktop</a></small></p>
310
311 <!--#endif -->
312 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = pureos" -->
313 <a href="/distros/screenshots/pureos8-gnome3.jpg"><img
314 width="512" height="264"
315 src="/distros/screenshots/gnome3-medium.jpg"
316 alt="&nbsp;[PureOS&nbsp;8 搭配 GNOME&nbsp;3 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
317 <p><small><a href="https://www.pureos.net/">PureOS&nbsp;8</a> 搭配 <a
318 href="https://www.gnome.org/">GNOME&nbsp;3</a>
319 桌面、PureBrowser(網頁瀏覽器)、Gimp(影像編輯器)</small></p>
320
321 <!--#endif -->
322 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = trisquel" -->
323 <a href="https://trisquel.info/files/screenshots/t10-office_0.jpg"><img
324 width="512" height="320"
325 src="/distros/screenshots/trisquel10-mate.jpg"
326 alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Trisquel&nbsp;10 with MATE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
327 <p><small><a href="https://trisquel.info">Trisquel&nbsp;10</a> with <a
328 href="https://mate-desktop.org/">MATE</a> desktop, and part of the <a
329 href="https://www.libreoffice.org/">LibreOffice</a> suite.</small></p>
330
331 <!--#endif -->
332 </div>
333
334 <div class="thumbs">
335 <div>
336 <a href="/home.html?distro=dragora#gnu-linux"><img
337 width="128" height="72"
338 src="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde-thumb.jpg"
339 alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2 with TDE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
340 <p><small>Dragora / TDE</small></p>
341 </div>
342
343 <div>
344 <a href="/home.html?distro=guix#gnu-linux"><img
345 width="128" height="72"
346 src="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3-thumb.jpg"
347 alt="&nbsp;[Guix&nbsp;0.15 搭配 GNOME&nbsp;3 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
348 <p><small>Guix / GNOME3</small></p>
349 </div>
350
351 <div>
352 <a href="/home.html?distro=hyperbola#gnu-linux"><img
353 width="128" height="72"
354 src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3-thumb.jpg"
355 alt="&nbsp;[Hyperbola&nbsp;0.3 搭配 i3 視窗管理員的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
356 <p><small>Hyperbola / i3</small></p>
357 </div>
358
359 <div>
360 <a href="/home.html?distro=parabola#gnu-linux"><img
361 width="128" height="72"
362 src="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde-thumb.jpg"
363 alt="&nbsp;[Parabola&nbsp;2020 搭配 LXDE 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
364 <p><small>Parabola / LXDE</small></p>
365 </div>
366
367 <div>
368 <a href="/home.html?distro=pureos#gnu-linux"><img
369 width="128" height="72"
370 src="/distros/screenshots/gnome3-thumb.jpg"
371 alt="&nbsp;[PureOS&nbsp;8 搭配 GNOME&nbsp;3 桌面的畫面快照]&nbsp;" /></a>
372 <p><small>PureOS / GNOME3</small></p>
373 </div>
374
375 <div>
376 <a href="/home.html?distro=trisquel#gnu-linux"><img
377 width="128" height="72"
378 src="/distros/screenshots/trisquel10-mate-thumb.jpg"
379 alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Trisquel&nbsp;10 with MATE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
380 <p><small>Trisquel / MATE</small></p>
381 </div>
382 </div>
383 </div>
384
385 <div class="btn-right">…或<a
386 href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Free_Software_Directory:Free_software_replacements">試試部分的
387 GNU</a></div>
388 <div style="clear:both"></div>
389
390 <h2>自由軟體運動是什麼?</h2>
391
392 <p>The free software movement campaigns to win for the users of computing the
393 freedom that comes from free software. Free software puts its users in
394 control of their own computing. Nonfree software puts its users under the
395 power of the software's developer. See <a
396 href="/audio-video/philosophy-recordings.html#rms-201404070"> the video
397 explanation</a>.</p>
398
399 <h2>自由軟體是什麼?</h2>
400
401 <p><strong>自由軟體代表使用者擁有執行、複製、散布、研究、修改、和改善軟體的自由。</strong></p>
402
403 <p>Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept,
404 you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo; not
405 as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;</p>
406
407 <p>更精確來講,自由軟體代表該程式的使用者擁有<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">四大自由</a>:</p>
408
409 <ul>
410 <li>依照你的想法執行該程式的自由,無論任何目的(自由之零)。</li>
411 <li>研究該程式如何運作、並將之修改來讓電腦運算符合你所設想的自由(自由之壹)。能存取程式的源始碼 (source code) 是這項自由的先決條件。</li>
412 <li>再次散佈程式副本的自由,如此你就能幫助他人(自由之貳)。</li>
413 <li>將你所修改後的版本作成副本散布給他人的自由(自由之參)。如此一來你就讓社群整體有機會因為你的改動而受益。能存取源始碼是這項自由的先決條件。</li>
414 </ul>
415
416 <p>科技的發展與網路的普及,使得現在這些自由比起1983年之時<a
417 href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">更為重要</a>。</p>
418
419 <p>Nowadays the free software movement goes far beyond developing the GNU
420 system. See <a href="https://www.fsf.org">the Free Software Foundation's
421 web site</a> for more about what we do, and a list of <a href="/help">ways
422 you can help</a>.</p>
423
424 <h2>深入瞭解 GNU</h2>
425
426 <p><a id="More-GNU">GNU</a> 是個 Unix
427 風作業系統。這代表它是許多程式的集合體:應用程式、函式庫、開發者工具、甚至遊戲等。GNU 的開發起源自1984年1月,熟知為 GNU 專案。許多 GNU
428 中的程式都在 GNU 專案的支持幫助下發行;這些程式我們將其稱為 <a href="/software/">GNU 軟體包</a>。</p>
429
430 <p>「GNU」是「GNU's Not Unix」的遞迴式頭文字縮寫,意即「GNU 並非 Unix」。<a
431 href="/pronunciation/pronunciation.html">「GNU」英語發音為
432 <em>g'noo</em></a>,是單音節字,類似講「grew」,但把 <em>r</em> 的音替換為
433 <em>n</em>;華語(漢語官話)發音類似「革奴」。</p>
434
435 <p>The program in a Unix-like system that allocates machine resources and talks
436 to the hardware is called the &ldquo;kernel.&rdquo; GNU is typically used
437 with a kernel called Linux. This combination is the <a
438 href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"><strong>GNU/Linux operating
439 system</strong></a>. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though many <a
440 href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">call it &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; by mistake</a>.</p>
441
442 <p>GNU's own kernel, the <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, was
443 started in 1990 (before Linux was started). Volunteers continue developing
444 the Hurd because it is an interesting technical project.</p>
445
446 <p class="button right-align"><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">更多資訊</a></p>
447 </div>
448
449 <!-- /first-column -->
450 <div class="second-column" role="complementary">
451
452 <p class="c" style="margin-top: 2.3em"><a href="https://snowflake.torproject.org/">
453 <img style="width:12em; height:auto"
454 src="/graphics/snowflake-purple.png"
455 alt="Help people bypass censorship. Run Snowflake!" /></a></p>
456
457 <div id="franklin" class="emph-box color1">
458 <blockquote>
459 <p><i>As we enjoy great advantages from the inventions of others, we should be
460 glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours, and this we
461 should do freely and generously.</i><br /> &mdash;Benjamin Franklin</p>
462 </blockquote>
463 </div>
464
465 <div id="giving-guide" class="emph-box color2">
466 <p>This year, choose Freedom as a gift. <strong><a
467 href="https://www.fsf.org/givingguide/v14/"> Ethical Tech Giving
468 Guide</a></strong></p>
469 </div>
470
471 <div id="kind-comm" class="emph-box color2">
472 <p>The GNU Project strongly urges the community to communicate in ways that are
473 friendly, welcoming and kind. See the <a
474 href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> GNU Kind Communications
475 Guidelines</a>.</p>
476 </div>
477
478 <div id="Flashes" class="emph-box color1">
479 <h3><a href="https://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> <a
480 href="https://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"><img src="/feed-icon-10x10.png"
481 alt="RSS 消息饋流" /></a></h3>
482 <div class="ltr">
483
484 <!--#include virtual="/planetfeeds.zh-tw.html" -->
485 </div>
486 </div>
487
488 <div id="Action" class="emph-box color2">
489 <h3>採取行動</h3>
490
491 <ul>
492 <li><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Support current FSF
493 campaigns</a></strong>.</li>
494 <li id="petition"><a href="https://my.fsf.org/give-students-userfreedom">Sign the petition for
495 freedom in the classroom</a>.</li>
496 <li id="copilot"><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:Copilot_Watch_Group">Join the
497 Copilot Watch Group</a>.</li>
498 </ul>
499
500 <p class="back"><a href="/server/takeaction.html">更多行動項目</a></p>
501 </div>
502
503 <div id="priority" class="emph-box color1">
504 <p><strong>Can you help GNU with any of these projects?</strong></p>
505 <ul>
506 <li><a href="/help/priority-projects.html">GNU high priority enhancement
507 projects</a></li>
508 <li><a href="/help/music-subtraction.html">Free program to subtract background
509 music</a></li>
510
511 <!-- <li>
512 <a
513 href="/help/important-new-small-to-medium-programs-needed.html">
514 Important new small-to-medium programs needed</a></li> ##This is a new
515 page to be created which will initially contain a link to /help/music-subtraction.html-->
516 </ul>
517 </div>
518
519 <div class="emph-box color2">
520 <p id="long-term"><strong>Can you contribute to any of the <a
521 href="//www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">long-term high priority
522 projects</a>?</strong></p>
523 </div>
524
525 <div id="unmaint" class="emph-box color1">
526 <p><strong>Can you help <a href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">maintain a
527 GNU package</a>? These packages are looking for maintainers:</strong></p>
528 <ul>
529 <li>
530 <a href="/software/cfengine/">cfengine</a>, <a
531 href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a
532 href="/software/quickthreads/">quickthreads</a>, <a
533 href="/software/guile-sdl/">guile-sdl</a>, <a
534 href="/software/superopt/">superopt</a></li>
535 </ul>
536
537 <p>此外,這些軟體包也在尋找共同維護者:</p>
538 <ul>
539 <li>
540 <a href="/software/aspell/">aspell</a>、<a
541 href="/software/bison/">bison</a>、<a href="/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>、<a
542 href="/software/gnubik/">gnubik</a>、<a
543 href="/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a>、<a
544 href="/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a>、<a
545 href="/software/xboard/">xboard</a> 等。</li>
546 </ul>
547 <p>請見軟體包網頁瞭解更多資訊。</p>
548 </div>
549
550 <div id="blurb" class="emph-box color2">
551 <p><strong><a href="/software/recent-releases.html">GNU 的近期發行</a></strong></p>
552
553 <p><strong><a href="/manual/blurbs.html">關於所有 GNU 軟體包的簡介描述</a></strong></p>
554
555 <p style="margin-top: 2em">今日的隨機軟體包&hellip;</p>
556
557 <!--#include virtual="/server/home-pkgselect.html" -->
558 <div class="ltr">
559
560 <!--#include virtual="/server/home-pkgblurbs.zh-tw.html" -->
561 </div>
562 </div>
563
564 </div>
565 <!-- /second-column -->
566 </div>
567
568 <!-- /home -->
569 <div style="clear:both"></div>
570 <div class="translators-notes">
571
572 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
573 <b>譯者按︰</b>
574 <ol><li id="trans1">中文讀者也許會覺得這語句很怪,因為英文的 Free
575 有「自由」及「免費」兩個意思,所以作者要特別聲明,以正視聽。</li>
576 </ol></div>
577 </div>
578
579 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
580 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
581 <p id="sisters">The <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> also has sister organizations in
582 <a href="https://fsfe.org/">Europe</a>, <a
583 href="https://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/">Latin America</a> and <a
584 href="https://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.<br />
585 自由加入參與!</p>
586
587 <div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
588 <div class="unprintable">
589
590 <p id="ContactInfo">請來信到 <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a> 詢問有關自由軟體基金會(FSF)和
591 GNU 的一般問題;或者<a href="/contact/">以其他方式</a>聯絡自由軟體基金會。至於損毀的連結及其他修正和建議,可以將之寄給 <a
592 href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p>
593
594 <p>
595 <!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
596 replace it with the translation of these two:
597
598 We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
599 translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
600 Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
601 to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
602
603 &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
604
605 <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
606 our web pages, see <a
607 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
608 README</a>. -->
609 Please see the <a
610 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>
611 for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this
612 article.</p>
613 </div>
614
615 <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
616 files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
617 be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
618 without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
619 Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
620 document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
621 document was modified, or published.
622
623 If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
624 Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
625 years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
626 year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
627 being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
628
629 There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
630 Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
631 <p>Copyright &copy; 1996-2024 <a href="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software
632 Foundation</a>, Inc.</p>
633
634 <p>本頁面採用<a rel="license"
635 href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW">創用 CC
636 姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 國際</a>條款給予授權。</p>
637
638 <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
639 <div class="translators-credits">
640
641 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
642 <b>翻譯</b>:曾政嘉 <a href="mailto:zerngjia (at) member (dot) fsf (dot)
643 org">&lt;zerngjia (at) member (dot) fsf (dot) org&gt;</a>, 2017.</div>
644
645 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
646 更新時間︰
647
648 $Date: 2024/05/17 06:04:04 $
649
650 <!-- timestamp end -->
651 </p>
652 </div>
653 </div>
654 <!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
655 </body>
656 </html>

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