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<title>GNU und die Freie-Software-Bewegung</title>

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<p class="no-display">GNU ist das einzige eigens dafür entwickelte Betriebssystem seinen Nutzern
Freiheit zu geben. Was ist GNU und welche Freiheit steht auf dem Spiel?</p>

<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
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<video width="512" height="288" controls="controls" crossorigin="anonymous"
poster="https://static.gnu.org/nosvn/videos/escape-to-freedom/thumbnails/festival.jpeg">
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<p class="c">
<a
href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/help-others-find-free-software-watch-and-share-escape-to-freedom">
Escape to Freedom: A video from the FSF</a></p>

<h2 class="first">Was ist GNU?</h2>

<p><b>GNU</b> ist ein Betriebssystem, das <a href="/philosophy/free-sw">Freie
Software</a> ist&#160;&#8209;&#160;d.&#160;h. es respektiert die Freiheit
der Nutzer. Das GNU-Betriebssystem besteht aus GNU-Paketen (Programme, die
speziell vom GNU-Projekt freigegeben wurden) sowie von Dritten freigegebene
Freie Software. Die Entwicklung von GNU ermöglichte es, einen Rechner ohne
Software benutzen zu können, die <em>Ihre</em> Freiheit mit Füßen treten
würde.</p>

<p>Wir empfehlen <a href="/distros/free-distros">installierbare Varianten von
GNU</a> (genauer <b>GNU/Linux</b>-Verteilungen), die ganz und gar
<em>freie</em> Software sind. <a href="#more-about-gnu">Mehr über
GNU&#160;…</a></p>

<div class="btn-left">
  <a href="/distros/free-distros">GNU/Linux ausprobieren</a></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>

<div id="gnu-linux" role="figure">
<div class="screenshot">

 <!--#if expr="$DISTRO = dragora" -->
<a href="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde.jpg"><img
   width="512" height="288"
   src="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde-medium.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2 with TDE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="https://dragora.org/index.html"> Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2</a>
with <a href="https://www.trinitydesktop.org/">TDE</a> desktop</small></p>

 <!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$DISTRO = guix" -->
<a href="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3.jpg"><img
   width="512" height="288"
   src="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3-medium.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Bildschirmfoto von Guix&nbsp;0.15 mit
GNOME&nbsp;3-Arbeitsoberfläche]&nbsp;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="/software/guix/">Guix&nbsp;0.15</a> mit <a
href="//www.gnome.org/">GNOME&nbsp;3</a>-Arbeitsoberfläche, Epiphany
-Internetbrowser, Totem-Videoplayer und GNOME-Terminalemulator</small></p>

 <!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$DISTRO = hyperbola" -->
<a href="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png"><img
   width="512" height="288"
   src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3.png"
   alt="&#160;[Bildschirmfoto von Hyperbola mit i3-Fenstermanager]&#160;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="https://www.hyperbola.info/">Hyperbola&nbsp;8</a> mit <a
href="https://www.i3wm.org/">i3</a>-Fenstermanager, Cool-Retro-Term
(Terminalemulator), Gimp (Bildbearbeitungsprogramm) und Iceweasel-UXP
(Internetbrowser)</small></p>

 <!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$DISTRO = parabola" -->
<a href="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde.jpg"><img
   width="512" height="288"
   src="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde-medium.jpg"
   alt="&#160;[Bildschirmfoto von Parabola&#160;8 mit LXDE-Arbeitsoberfläche]&#160;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="https://www.parabola.nu">Parabola&nbsp;2020</a> with <a
href="http://lxde.sourceforge.net/about.html">LXDE desktop</a></small></p>

 <!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$DISTRO = pureos" -->
<a href="/distros/screenshots/pureos8-gnome3.jpg"><img
   width="512" height="264"
   src="/distros/screenshots/gnome3-medium.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Bildschirmfoto von PureOS&nbsp;8 mit
GNOME&nbsp;3-Arbeitsoberfläche]&nbsp;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="https://www.pureos.net/">PureOS&nbsp;8</a> mit <a
href="https://www.gnome.org/">GNOME&nbsp;3</a>-Arbeitsoberfläche,
PureBrowser (Internetbrowser) und GIMP (Bildbearbeitungsprogramm)</small></p>

 <!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$DISTRO = trisquel" -->
<a href="https://trisquel.info/files/screenshots/t10-office_0.jpg"><img
   width="512" height="320"
   src="/distros/screenshots/trisquel10-mate.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Trisquel&nbsp;10 with MATE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
<p><small><a href="https://trisquel.info">Trisquel&nbsp;10</a> with <a
href="https://mate-desktop.org/">MATE</a> desktop, and part of the <a
href="https://www.libreoffice.org/">LibreOffice</a> suite.</small></p>

<!--#endif -->
</div>

<div class="thumbs">
 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=dragora#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/dragora-tde-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Dragora&nbsp;3.0-beta2 with TDE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
  <p><small>Dragora / TDE</small></p>
 </div>

 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=guix#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/guixSD-gnome3-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Bildschirmfoto von Guix&nbsp;0.15 mit
GNOME&nbsp;3-Arbeitsoberfläche]&nbsp;" /></a>
  <p><small>Guix / GNOME3</small></p>
 </div>

 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=hyperbola#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/hyperbola-i3-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&#160;[Bildschirmfoto von Hyperbola&#160;0.3 mit i3-Fenstermanager]&#160;" /></a>
  <p><small>Hyperbola / i3</small></p>
 </div>

 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=parabola#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/parabola2020-lxde-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&#160;[Bildschirmfoto von Parabola&#160;2020 mit
LXDE-Arbeitsoberfläche]&#160;" /></a>
  <p><small>Parabola / LXDE</small></p>
 </div>

 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=pureos#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/gnome3-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Bildschirmfoto von PureOS&nbsp;8 mit
GNOME&nbsp;3-Arbeitsoberfläche]&nbsp;" /></a>
  <p><small>PureOS / GNOME3</small></p>
 </div>

 <div>
  <a href="/home.html?distro=trisquel#gnu-linux"><img
   width="128" height="72"
   src="/distros/screenshots/trisquel10-mate-thumb.jpg"
   alt="&nbsp;[Screenshot of Trisquel&nbsp;10 with MATE desktop]&nbsp;" /></a>
  <p><small>Trisquel / MATE</small></p>
 </div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="btn-right">… oder <a
href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Free_Software_Directory:Free_software_replacements">einzelne
Softwarepakete testen</a></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>

<h2>Was ist die Freie-Software-Bewegung?</h2>

<p>The free software movement campaigns to win for the users of computing the
freedom that comes from free software.  Free software puts its users in
control of their own computing.  Nonfree software puts its users under the
power of the software's developer.  See <a
href="/audio-video/philosophy-recordings.html#rms-201404070"> the video
explanation</a>.</p>

<h2>Was ist Freie Software?</h2>

<p><strong><em>Freie Software</em> bedeutet, dass Nutzer
<ins>uneingeschränkt</ins> die Freiheit besitzen, Software ausführen,
vervielfältigen, vertreiben untersuchen, ändern und verbessern <!--&amp;
diese Verbesserungen wieder vertreiben -->zu können.</strong></p>

<p>Free software is a matter of liberty, not price.  To understand the concept,
you should think of &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in &ldquo;free speech,&rdquo; not
as in &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Genauer gesagt bedeutet Freie Software, dass Nutzer eines Programms <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">vier wesentliche Freiheiten</a>
besitzen:</p>
<p>Die Freiheit,</p>

<ul>
<li><!--Die Freiheit, -->das Programm nach eigenen Wünschen und zu jedem Zweck
auszuführen. <em>(Freiheit 0)</em>.</li>
<li><!--Die Freiheit, -->die Funktionsweise des Programms zu untersuchen und zu
ändern, so dass es die Datenverarbeitung nach eigenen Wünschen durchführt
<em>(Freiheit 1)</em>. Voraussetzung dafür ist der Zugriff auf den
Quellcode.</li>
<li><!--Die Freiheit, -->Kopien weiterzuverteilen, damit man anderen helfen kann
<em>(Freiheit 2)</em>.</li>
<li><!--Die Freiheit, -->Kopien der modifizierten Versionen an Dritte
weiterzugeben <em>(Freiheit 3)</em>. Auf diese Weise kann der gesamten
Gemeinschaft die Möglichkeit gegeben werden, von den Änderungen zu
profitieren. Voraussetzung dafür ist der Zugriff auf den Quellcode.</li>
</ul>

<p>Technologische Entwicklungen und die Nutzung von Rechnernetzen haben diese
Freiheiten <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important">nun sogar
noch wichtiger</a> gemacht, als sie bereits 1983 waren.</p>

<p>Nowadays the free software movement goes far beyond developing the GNU
system.  See <a href="https://www.fsf.org">the Free Software Foundation's
web site</a> for more about what we do, and a list of <a href="/help">ways
you can help</a>.</p>

<h2><span id="more-about-gnu"></span>Mehr über GNU</h2>

<p><b>GNU</b> ist ein unixoides Betriebssystem. Das bedeutet, dass es eine
Zusammenstellung aus vielerlei Programmen ist: Anwendungen, Bibliotheken,
Extras für Entwickler, sogar Spielen. Die Entwicklung von GNU begann im
Januar 1984 und ist als das <em>GNU</em>-Projekt bekannt. Viele der in GNU
enthaltenen Programme sind unter der Schirmherrschaft des GNU-Projekts
freigegeben; diese nennen wir <em>GNU-Pakete</em>.</p>

<p>Der Name <em>GNU</em> ist ein rekursives Akronym von <em><span xml:lang="en"
lang="en">GNU’s Not Unix</span></em> (‚GNU ist nicht Unix‘) und wird [<a
title="Aussprache" href="/pronunciation/">ˈgnuː</a>] ausgesprochen.</p>

<p>The program in a Unix-like system that allocates machine resources and talks
to the hardware is called the &ldquo;kernel.&rdquo; GNU is typically used
with a kernel called Linux.  This combination is the <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"><strong>GNU/Linux operating
system</strong></a>.  GNU/Linux is used by millions, though many <a
href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">call it &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; by mistake</a>.</p>

<p>GNU's own kernel, the <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, was
started in 1990 (before Linux was started).  Volunteers continue developing
the Hurd because it is an interesting technical project.</p>

<p class="button right-align"><a href="/gnu/">Weitere Informationen&#160;…</a></p>
</div>

<!-- /first-column -->
<div class="second-column" role="complementary">

<p class="c" style="margin-top: 2.3em"><a href="https://snowflake.torproject.org/">
<img style="width:12em; height:auto"
     src="/graphics/snowflake-purple.png" 
     alt="Help people bypass censorship. Run Snowflake!" /></a></p>

<div id="franklin" class="emph-box color1">
<blockquote>
<p><i>As we enjoy great advantages from the inventions of others, we should be
glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours, and this we
should do freely and generously.</i><br /> &mdash;Benjamin Franklin</p> 
</blockquote> 
</div>

<div id="giving-guide" class="emph-box color2">
<p>This year, choose Freedom as a gift. <strong><a
href="https://www.fsf.org/givingguide/v14/"> Ethical Tech Giving
Guide</a></strong></p>
</div>

<div id="kind-comm" class="emph-box color2">
<p>The GNU Project strongly urges the community to communicate in ways that are
friendly, welcoming and kind. See the <a
href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> GNU Kind Communications
Guidelines</a>.</p>
</div>

<div id="Flashes" class="emph-box color1">
<h3><a href="https://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> <a
href="https://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"><img src="/feed-icon-10x10.png"
alt="RSS-Feed" /></a></h3>
<div class="ltr">

<!--#include virtual="/planetfeeds.de.html" -->
</div>
</div>

<div id="Action" class="emph-box color2">
<h3>Aktiv werden</h3>

<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Support current FSF
campaigns</a></strong>.</li>
<li id="petition"><a href="https://my.fsf.org/give-students-userfreedom">Sign the petition for
freedom in the classroom</a>.</li>
<li id="copilot"><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:Copilot_Watch_Group">Join the
Copilot Watch Group</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p class="back"><a href="/server/takeaction">Weitere Aktionen&#160;…</a></p>
</div>

<div id="priority" class="emph-box color1">
<p><strong>Can you help GNU with any of these projects?</strong></p>
<ul>
  <li><a href="/help/priority-projects.html">GNU high priority enhancement
projects</a></li>
  <li><a href="/help/music-subtraction.html">Free program to subtract background
music</a></li>

<!--  <li>
<a 
href="/help/important-new-small-to-medium-programs-needed.html">
Important new small-to-medium programs needed</a></li> ##This is a new 
page to be created which will initially contain a link to /help/music-subtraction.html-->
</ul>
</div>

<div class="emph-box color2">
<p id="long-term"><strong>Can you contribute to any of the <a
href="//www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">long-term high priority
projects</a>?</strong></p>
</div>

<div id="unmaint" class="emph-box color1">
<p><strong>Can you help <a href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">maintain a
GNU package</a>? These packages are looking for maintainers:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
  <a href="/software/cfengine/">cfengine</a>, <a
href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a
href="/software/quickthreads/">quickthreads</a>, <a
href="/software/guile-sdl/">guile-sdl</a>, <a
href="/software/superopt/">superopt</a></li>
</ul>

<p> </p>
<ul>
<li>
  <a href="/software/aspell/">aspell</a>, <a
href="/software/bison/">bison</a>, <a href="/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>, <a
href="/software/gnubik/">gnubik</a>, <a
href="/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a>, <a
href="/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a> und <a
href="/software/xboard/">xboard</a> sind ebenfalls auf der Suche nach
Mitbetreuern (m/w/d).</li>
</ul>
<p>Weitere Informationen unter der Startseiten des Pakets.</p>
</div>

<div id="blurb" class="emph-box color2">
<p><strong><a href="/software/recent-releases">Neueste
Softwarefreigaben</a></strong></p>

<p><strong><a href="/manual/blurbs">Kurzinfos zu allen GNU-Paketen</a></strong></p>

<p style="margin-top: 2em">Paket des Tages&#160;…</p>

<!--#include virtual="/server/home-pkgselect.html" -->
<div class="ltr">

<!--#include virtual="/server/home-pkgblurbs.de.html" -->
</div>
</div>

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<!-- /second-column -->
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<p id="sisters">The <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> also has sister organizations in
<a href="https://fsfe.org/">Europe</a>, <a
href="https://www.fsfla.org/ikiwiki/">Latin America</a> and <a
href="https://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.<br />
Zögere nicht, bei ihnen mitzumachen!</p>

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<strong>Übersetzung:</strong> <!--Richard Steuer, 2007. Jоегg Kоhпе,
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Letzte Änderung:

$Date: 2024/05/17 06:04:04 $

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