Pacific chorus frog ~ 03/10/14 ~ MidPen Preserve

Pacific chorus frog / Sierran treefrog
Pseudacris sierra (formerly P. regilla)

Oh.  My.  God.  Look at how fat and huge this adult is!  Fatty, fatty frog.  With its dark throat, I'm guessing it's a male.  Those toe pads are amazing.  Oh, that large hand is not my own. Compare the size of this sucker with this anemic-looking juvie I raised a couple years ago.  

Apparently, I prefer an outdated common name by calling it a Pacific chorus frog on Nature ID.  I don't get why "treefrog" is commonly used as one word, when in fact, it is a frog.  Remember, I used to be a science content editor.  Technically (there are indeed naming rules for common names), if the thing in question is truly the noun, then it is at least two words, descriptor 'space' noun.  If the thing in question is not the noun, then it is either one word (e.g., butterfly is not a fly) or hyphenated (e.g., poison-oak is not an oak).  Perhaps, like its/it's and their/they're, this is a frequent grammatical error that many people don't pay mind.  At what point does common usage change the rules?

Pacific chorus frog ~ 08/29/13 ~ at home

Pacific chorus frog and tadpole, bladder snails, and duckweed
Pseudacris sierra, Physa spp. (aka Physella spp.), and Lemna sp.

Araceae

Look!  Find the frog.  This is the first one to crawl from my 2013 spring hatch.  I've enjoyed having them again this year.  Instead of obsessing over whether their water was clean enough, I let the water stand all summer to create a more natural environment.  I'm guessing this may help explain why I have frogs this early, compared to the 6-14 months it eventually took last time.

Considering my various aquatic plants have come from different sources, I've also had additional bladder snail stowaways.  I'm starting to think I have a couple different species, some with white lines and others with a more translucent, lacquered tortoiseshell appearance.

Also, I finally looked up duckweed.  Had no idea they're native.  I always thought they were introduced and problematic.  Guess not.

ps - As I was searching for embedded links, I came across a relatively new United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) online offering called ID Tools.  My favorite so far is the Terrestrial Mollusc Tool, especially considering my sister-in-law (aka garden slug hunter extraordinaire) and I searched high and low for approachable slug experts to little avail.  This site is my first online ID resource recommendation listed under gastropods.  Awesome.

Pacific chorus frog ~ 07/15/12 ~ at home

Pacific chorus frog / Sierran chorus frog / Pacific treefrog
Pseudacris sierra (also Pseudacris regilla and Hyla regilla)

This is the first healthy adult form juvenile I've seen completely out of the water this year. It still has a tiny bit of tail that's not apparent in my early morning photo. In addition to the juvenile shown above, I have 5 tadpoles left swimming around from an original 16 that hatched last year at the end of May. Yes, you read that correctly, I've been keeping the same tadpoles outside for almost 14 months now. Several online sites (see embedded links in the IDs above) state Pacific chorus frogs metamorphose within 2 to 2½ months and according to Wikipedia up to 5 months in captivity. Perhaps it's the artificial conditions I provided (variously a standard goldfish bowl, an extra large glass kitchen bowl, and a 5 gallon aquarium with either partially or fully changed fresh water every several weeks) that have kept them from transforming. My last full water change was last weekend.

So, over the course of the past year, I casually observed their feeding, development, and behavior that I haven't found specifically mentioned elsewhere online. In addition to sucking on algae, they voraciously eat duckweed roots, which leaves a considerable amount of leaf debris at the bottom of the containers. I've transferred this debris along with any remaining duckweed and a large algae covered rock with every full water change. The tadpoles seem to like burrowing themselves in the debris, and the almost-tranformed juveniles with all 4 legs will hide there for days while their tails get absorbed. After I switched out the 5 gallon aquarium for cold water white cloud minnows this past April, I started supplementing the tadpoles' diet with anacharis and small amounts of fish flakes. Other than one dead adult form juvenile, I haven't had anymore deaths. This has been nice for me, because it was rather gruesome to watch how the tadpoles aggressively scavenge dead bodies, including squashed bladder snails (bred like rabbits and were very difficult to eradicate). The tadpoles get quite bulky, approximately 3 times the size of the ½ inch juvenile shown here. The hind feet gradually appear first with very little change in body mass. Once the front leg stubs start showing, their body mass reduces quickly, and they get very twitchy, almost as if growing front legs is painful. Hmm, growing pains?

I'm hoping the remaining 5 tadpoles will successfully metamorphose. I'm still not sure what to do with the adults since my balcony is not likely suitable habitat, even though there are plenty of places to hide in and around planters and small flies from my compost bins. I do not want to randomly release them into the wild since Pacific chorus frogs could carry a fungus that can kill other amphibians. I may give them back to my friend who originally gave me the last of last year's seasonal batches of eggs. This year she found frog eggs as early as the end of January, 2 months earlier than the previous 2 years.

Pacific chorus frog ~ 11/28/11 ~ at home

Pacific chorus frog
Pseudacris sierra

I have been remiss in posting updates on the various animals I tried to raise this past year. This is what I believe is the first frog to fully metamorphose from the eggs I received from a friend back in May. I seem to be missing 2 individuals out of 16 that hatched. Whether they died (I found no evidence of this) or escaped from the aquarium (I have seen trails of duckweed on the rim of the aquarium), I can merely guess. One only had 3 legs at some point, and I'm not sure if this is it with a fully grown 4th front right leg. I'm surprised at how small the frogs are compared to the relatively beefy tadpoles. This tiny one had actually lost its tail completely a week or so ago. I've been so preoccupied with other things that I haven't kept as good of track on the development as I would like. I'll have to look through e-mails to get some of the developmental dates correct.

ps 12/11/11 - It's nice to see other nature bloggers post about their own tadpole rearing experiences. So far, Julie Zickefoose is the only one I've seen.

pss 12/15/11 - I'm not sure if I should be repulsed or fascinated... I noticed this morning that a tadpole died, and the others are huddled around it and feeding like a pack of carnivores or scavengers.

Pacific chorus frog ~ 06/30/11 ~ at home

Pacific chorus frog tadpole with bladder snail
Pseudacris sierra with Physa acuta

I've thoroughly enjoyed watching my tadpoles. Almost all of them were released from their egg sacs the day after I first posted pictures on 05/30/11 making them 1 month old. Most of the time they simply rest on the bottom of the aquarium, not too exciting. Around mid-morning and mid-afternoon they get more active. They eat duckweed roots as shown above and algae off the sides and bottom of the aquarium like miniature vacuums. Amazingly, they can float up without moving their tails. How do they regulate their buoyancy? I had to fiddle with the pictures above to show the details; it's really difficult to get clear pictures through glass and murky water. I have over 15 tadpoles and numerous snails which have already mated, laid eggs, and hatched young since I've had them. Does anyone know what kind of snail commonly comes with purchased pond plants? Speaking of which, the oxygenating plant (shown in the second pic) is not milfoil, but I forgot what it is.

ps 07/11/11 - The frilly plant floating in the second pic is rigid hornwort, aka coon's-tail (Ceratophyllum demersum). While this is a native plant in CA and elsewhere, I will be careful about how I dispose of this plant's parts as it can be considered invasive and easily propagates from fragments. As for the snail, I believe it is a bladder snail (Physa acuta, aka Physella acuta). It has a left-sided aperture (all Physa spp. have this), pointed spire (sharper than the other common aquarium tadpole snail), thin shell (I accidentally crushed one while taking a closer look), and small size of 3-12 mm (generally smaller than Physa gyrina). For now I'm going to keep the snails; they may end up being a good food source for when the tadpoles metamorphose.

pss 08/09/11 - For a much better picture of a pacific chorus frog tadpole, check out John Wall's Natural California.

pss 08/13/11 - For nice pictures of pacific chorus frogs out in the wild, check out Cindy at Bug Safari. She's quite a bit south from where I'm at. I don't know if I'll have any adults this year.

Pacific chorus frog ~ 05/30/11 ~ at home

Pacific chorus frog tadpole / Sierran tree frog tadpole
Pseudacris sierra

A friend gave me a bowl of frog eggs attached to some kind of oxygenating plant (Myriophyllum sp., aka milfoil?), duckweed, and a couple of small snails from her barrel pond on 05/21/11. Within a week 2 tadpoles hatched. They were very tiny and extremely good at hiding. I was worried the others wouldn't hatch, but when I shook the bowl, they wiggled inside their egg cluster.

The day after I took the photos above, I transferred the pond water to a 5 gallon aquarium where I had water sitting out a few days to allow the chlorine to dissipate. The agitation from the transfer released the remaining tadpoles from their sacs. There were other miniscule organisms swimming around in the water that I could only see in the sunlight. The aquarium turned green with algae fairly quickly. I siphoned off some of the water and refilled with fresh water. Turns out this may not have been necessary, because as the tadpoles get larger and the duckweed spread to cover almost the entire surface, the water has become clearer on its own.

It's been fun watching the tadpoles grow. By 06/10/11, they already started looking "pregnant" with big round bellies and could no longer cling to the side of the aquarium. Quite honestly, I'm not sure what I'm going to do with these frogs once they metamorphose. My friend collected tadpoles from a pond in Seaside last year and added them to her existing barrel pond here in Pacific Grove. By the first of April, she witnessed 3 sets of frogs mating. She made a video for the sound recording; click here to listen to how loud they are.

ps 07/11/11 - The oxygenating plant the eggs were attached to is rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum). While this greenery is good for aquaria and is found worldwide, it is not necessarily beneficial out in the wild.