银屑病
疾病简介
发病原因
银屑病病因尚不明确，证据显示有遗传倾向4。免疫系统在银屑病发病时扮演了何种角色也是研究的热点。尽管有人提出银屑病可能是一种自体免疫性疾病，然而至今没有明确导致这种疾病的自身抗原。外源和内源诱因也可引起银屑病，包括轻微创伤、晒伤、感染、系统用药以及压力5。
临床表现
银屑病发于皮肤和指甲，并伴随一系列合并症。皮肤损伤位于局部或全身，对称居多，边界清晰，红疹和斑块，通常覆盖白色或银色的鳞片。皮损引起瘙痒和刺痛。1.3%6至34.7%7的银屑病患者患有慢性炎性关节炎（银屑病性关节炎），导致关节变形和残疾。4.2%至69%的银屑病病人有指甲病变8,9,10。报告称银屑病患者更易患心血管疾病和其他非传染性疾病（NCDs）5,11,12。
疾病治疗
银屑病的治疗仍基于控制症状。可用局部和全身治疗以及光线疗法。临床常结合使用以上治疗方法。患者通常需终身治疗缓解疾病。至今为止，还未有完全治愈银屑病的方法。此外，银屑病患者的护理不仅包括治疗皮损及关节损伤，还包括辨别和处理已经出现或可能出现的常见合并症，例如心血管和代谢疾病以及心理疾病。
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11. Augustin M, Radtke MA, Glaeske G, Reich K, Christophers E, Schaefer I et al. Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Children with Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema. Dermatology. 2015;231(1):35–40.
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