我们是如何推展前宣教的？

本文由“Anesth挪”专利权转载

为什么要在此前公教？

首到时，从医疗卫生零售业的公共服务性质来说，让切除此前的病症尽不太可能理解，是优质公共服务的一种平庸；其次，让病症在科止痛剂师座谈此前理解你的工作，也有利于更有效性的交东流对话，难不成你每个患者日后去解说一番？第三，如果大多数病症没有即刻去理解，那你就能够即刻地灌输给他；之后，如果想提高中的在病症内心较深处的地位，人家都搞不清你脱啥的，就以为你打手脚了事，那肯定不是好事。

如何公教？

如果自娱自乐般地在类公众号里发自然史文中，除了和少数其它医护人员看，你觉得还有几个人亦会看？你能保证你的患者亦会看到？还是此前座谈时掏出自己的笔记型电脑加个朋友......? 不过呢，如果你的的医院有个公众号，里面有各类 专业的自然史解说，然后病症入院后督导他们依赖性看自己关心的科学，即便如此也不错，可是这个工程儒看起来大。那么，有如大多数的医院科都是在自己门诊旁边白纸了各种解说，你是准备让所有切除病症精此前一天到时来切除旁边一次呢？还是让人家被后退去的瞬间瞟一眼？说是这种普遍想到法毫无意义！

我这里怎么想到的？

以此前看到ASA网页上有相关的自然史解说，就以那个为仿照翻拍了一下。说是在我的《白氏论》里是有海外版的，今天我将海外版一并白纸这里了。

第三段是关于的一个总的概说，询问道病症大致有哪几种原理，它们至少是什么样的，并为病症成之选出他将接纳的原理。

右边几段等于是分论，概说几种原理的大致想到法和不太可能亦会牵涉到什么无可避免。

那么每一个实际的病症得到的解说都是第三段加他将赢取的原理那一段，其它分论将不亦会出现。

我的实际工作方式为是：当天的病症来了之后，由助产士打好相应文字（中的或英文）的A4纸给患者看，然后我日后去看病症进行精此前谈话。一般我亦会问道：您是不是看了这个关于的解说？能不能理解呢？您还有什么有关的原因吗？

运用于切除的一般分别为不限四种原理：

□本局部（本局麻）：适用本局麻止痛让切除各部位的一小片范围内观者到不止，患者可以始终保持良好思绪。

□范围内：适用本局麻止痛阻碍外周脑或骨盆各部位脑根的原理，让身躯的较大一部分范围内观者到不止，患者比方说保持良好思绪。

□麻醉/止咳：适用抗生素（一般是麻醉类和止咳类抗生素）来结盟较大切除加载所致的呕吐，患者踏入抗生素主导作用下的或灰白色或较深的整天眠精神状态，切除之后苏醒一般不亦会对切除加载加载过程难免梦境。

□全身（全麻）：适用较麻醉/止咳更大血糖的抗生素来使病症几乎思绪并可结盟强刺激的切除。

止痛剂师为您选择的原理取决于实际切除方式为和您当此前的肥胖症精神状态。而有时候，可以根据能够将上述原理中的的两种进行牵头。

*以上成之选原理符合于您的切除。

麻醉/止咳

一般牵头适用麻醉类抗生素和止咳类抗生素，使您精神精神状态处于来使至较深整天，有效性依赖性切除造成的呕吐和不适观者，它可以使您在动切除快速恢复正常人体内并之后回到日常生活精神状态。它常常运用于那些较大伤疤、短时间的且不亦会造成严重原因的切除。

一般是通过静脉施用抗生素的原理，可以之后使您观者到腹泻并踏入整天眠精神状态。如果只是灰白色整天精神状态，您可以被醒觉并与东流，但如果踏入较深整天精神状态，则易被醒觉。切除告一段落苏醒后您将不忘了切除加载过程，不太可能仍有困倦观者，但应该之后即能几乎思绪。

麻醉/止咳苏醒后以此前您将仍有一些困倦观者，也不太可能亦会有一些头痛眩晕观者，但一般都可以在动切除1同一时间内几乎恢复。

危险性

一般来说，麻醉/止咳对于那些短小切除是有效性而安全及的，但如果给予过多血糖的抗生素，也不太可能亦会严重影响吞咽功能。止痛剂师和助产士亦会在全程判读您的情况，在能够的时候也亦会适用专业的原理和通讯设备来则会危险。

范围内包括脊麻、硬膜外和脑（射影）阻碍。

脊麻和硬膜外

在您胸部消毒剂之后，在针头点到时施用少量本局麻止痛，然后通过此点适用粗大些的针进行骨盆针头，日后直接（脊麻）或通过一根薄静脉（硬膜外）施用本局麻止痛在脑脑根一处以阻碍脑根，进而使身躯的一部分范围内不止，您将在此阻碍精神状态下保持良好思绪。

危险性

• 对本局麻止痛的过敏反应

• 脑一处的出血（血肿）

• 排尿困难

• 骨盆范围内观者染者

• 脑损伤

• 病症（鲜见）

• 严重头痛

脑（射影）阻碍

生物体的呕吐由脑或脑射影传导而赢取观者知，可以通过在其一处施用本局麻止痛的原理阻断脑冲动传导而使您不亦会观者觉到呕吐，实行这种原理时，您在精中的也是保持良好思绪精神状态的。

危险性

• 对本局麻止痛的过敏反应

• 施用各部位观者染者

• 脑损伤

• 施用本局部出血转化成血肿

• 病症（鲜见）

全麻

全麻是采用抗生素使生物体踏入一种广度整天眠精神状态，在切除加载过程中的您不亦会有任何对切除加载或一处环境的观者知，不亦会转化成体动，也不亦会留给任何梦境。

止痛剂师将通过您的静脉出口处给予你抗生素，同时要求您通过眼镜吸入氧气，当您开始入整天，亦会将一根气管静脉插入您气管或一根喉罩置于您的要道音，这样想到的目的是为了帮助您在全麻中的的吞咽。在整个全麻加载过程中的，您的血压、颤抖和吞咽等多项指标亦会被止痛剂师和助产士严密系统对，并随切除意味着而改变全麻的广度。

全麻苏醒后以此前，您不太可能亦会观者到困无力和晕眩，也不太可能亦会觉得胃部不适、口脱、咽痛、酷热和心神不宁，这些观者受不太可能亦会持续若脱同一时间直到止痛主导作用全部退去。有时亦会有麻木呕吐的物理现象，能够抗生素来治疗。

危险性

由于有了现代化的机器通讯设备、抗生素和安全及的工作东步骤，对于肥胖症人来说，全麻一般是安全及的，但不限老年人不太可能在全麻中的所致较高危险性：

• 平素酗酒或抗生素滥用

• 对抗生素的过敏或家族有这种过敏史

• 同时患有心、肠胃和消化道等营养不良

• 吸烟者

Anesthesia

If you are hing surgery, your doctor will give you a drug called an anesthetic. Anesthetics reduce or prevent pain. There are four main types:

□Local anesthesia: numbs one small area of the body. You stay awake and alert.

□Regional anesthesia: blocks pain in an area of the body, such an arm or leg.

□Sedation/gesia: uses a sedative to relax you and pain medicine to relieve pain. You may stay awake but may not remember the procedure afterwards.

□General anesthesia（GA）: affects your whole body. You go to sleep and feel nothing. You he no memory of the procedure afterwards.

The type of anesthesia your doctor chooses depends on several factors, including the type of procedure you are hing and your current health status. Sometimes, two of the above mentioned types may be combined if necessary.

*Above ticked anesthesia type is adapted for your surgery.

Sedation/gesia

Sedation/gesia is a combination of drugs to help you relax (sedative) and to relieve pain (anesthetic) during a medical procedure. Sedation/gesia lets you recover faster and return to your everyday activities soon after your procedure.

Description

An anesthesiologist will give you sedation/gesia in a hospital or in an outpatient setting. The medicine will wear off quickly, so it is used for short and uncomplicated procedures.

Sedation/gesics usually are provided through an intrenous line. You will begin to feel drowsy and relaxed immediately.

You may fall asleep, but able to wake up easily and respond to verbal and tactile stimuli. After sedation/gesia, you may feel sleepy and drowsy, but you should be able to recover fully about an hour after your procedure.

Sedation/gesia is safe and effective for patients who need minor surgical procedure and/or procedure to diagnose a condition.

Risks

Sedation/gesia is generally safe. However, if you are given too much, difficulty in breathing may occur. A doctor or/and nurse will observe and monitor you during the whole procedure. Health care providers always he a special equipment to help you with your breathing, if needed.

Regional anesthesia includes spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and nerve (plexus) block.

Spinal and epidural anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia uses drugs that numb the parts of your body to block pain. They are given through an injection in or around the spine. You will stay awake under these types of anesthesia.

The area of your back where the needle will be inserted will be cleaned with a special solution. Most of the time, this injection will go in your lower back. This area may also be numbed with a local anesthetic.

Risks

Spinal and epidural anesthesia are generally safe. Possible complications are:

• Allergic reaction to the anesthesia used

• Bleeding around the spinal column (hematoma)

• Difficulty urinating

• Infection in your spine

• Nerve damage

• Seizures (this is rare)

• Severe headache

Nerve(plexus) block

Nerve or a group of nerves (nerve plexus), that causes pain to a specific organ or body region, can be blocked with the injection of local anesthetic around it. The operation site may be numbed and you will stay awake during the surgery.

Risk

• Allergic reaction to the anesthetic used

• Infection at the site of injection

• Nerve damage

• Bleeding

• Seizures (this is rare)

General anesthesia

General anesthesia uses certain medicines that will put you into a deep sleep so you do not feel pain during surgery. When you receive these medicines, you will not be aware of what is happening around you. You will not move, feel any pain, or he any memories of the procedure.

The doctor will administer a medication through an intrenous line. You may be asked to breathe in (inhale) oxygen through a mask. Once you are asleep, the doctor may insert a tube into your windpipe (trachea) or a laryngeal mask into your pharyngolaryngeal city to help you breathe. You will be watched very closely while you are asleep. Your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing will be monitored. Your doctor or nurse can change how deeply asleep you are during the surgery.

You will wake up tired and groggy in the recovery or operating room. You may also experience nausea, dry mouth, sore throat, or feel cold and restless until the anesthesia wears off. Your nurse will monitor these side effects. They will wear off, but it may take a few hours. Sometimes nausea and vomiting can be treated with other medicines.

Risks

General anesthesia is generally safe because of modern equipment, medications, and safety standards. Most people recover completely and do not he any complications. The following people may he a higher risk of problems with general anesthesia:

• People who abuse alcohol or medications

• People with allergies or a family history of being allergic to medicine

• People with heart, lung, or kidney problems

• Smokers