Female Power & Male Dominance
Reeves-Sandary, P. (1981): Female Power and Male Dominance: On the Origins of Sexual Inequality. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 0-521-28075-3
Sinopse
Neste livro, a professora Peggy Sanday oferece um exame inovador do poder e dominância nos relacionamentos entre homens e mulheres. Como se origina a interação culturalmente aprovada entre os sexos? Por que as mulheres são vistas como parte necessária dos assuntos políticos, econômicos e religiosos em algumas sociedades, mas não em outras?
"Tres raparigas Nayar de Trabancore" Ramaswami Naidu, 1872
Por que algumas sociedades vestem símbolos sagrados de poder criativo sob a forma de um sexo e não do outro? A professora Sanday oferece soluções para esses quebra-cabeças culturais usando pesquisas interculturais em mais de 150 sociedades tribais. Ela sistematicamente estabelece toda a gama de variação nos papéis de poder masculino e feminino e, em seguida, sugere uma estrutura teórica para explicar essa variação.
mulheres e homens awa preparando-se para a caça
Rejeitando o argumento da subordinação feminina universal, a professora Sanday argumenta que a dominação masculina não é inerente às relações humanas, mas é uma solução para vários tipos de tensões culturais. Aqueles que incorporam, estão em contato ou controlam as forças criativas da natureza são percebidos como poderosos.
Durga vence ao asura Mahishasura
Ao isolar os mecanismos comportamentais e simbólicos que instituem a dominação masculina, a professora Sanday mostra que os papéis de poder secular de um povo são parcialmente derivados de conceitos antigos de poder, como exemplificado por seus mitos de origem.
mulheres Igbo, 1921
O poder e o domínio são ainda determinados pela adaptação de um povo ao seu ambiente, conflito social e estresse emocional. Isso é ilustrado por meio de estudos de caso dos efeitos do colonialismo europeu, migração e estresse alimentar e apoiado por inúmeras associações estatísticas entre desigualdade sexual e vários estresses culturais.
INDEX
Introduction
Part I: Plans for sex-role behavior
1. Scripts for female power
From “the complete perfect unity”: the Balinese
The creative grandmother of the primeval sea: the Semang
Father, mother, lover, friend: the Mbuti
The mother of the earth beings who fell from the sky:
the Iroquois
One couple from the sky and one couple from the carth:
the Ashanti
The female creative principle
2. Scripts for male dominance
Eve’s transgression, God’s punishment, and female power:
the Hausa
The merging and splitting of animals, mothers, and males:
the Mundurucu
Nullifying female power: the Papagoes
The fierce people: the Yanomamo
The psychological bedrock
Part 1I: Constructing sex-role plans
3. The environmental context of metaphors for sexual identities
Gender symbolism in creation stories: inward females
and outward males
Male parenting and creation symbolism
The role of environment
Environment, origin beliefs, and history Reflections
of social life and thought in origin
stories
4. Plans for the sexual division of labor
The kinds of activities that are universally allocated to males
The cultural patterning of work
A third cultural configuration: the dual-sex orientation
Sex-role plans and configurations of culture
5. Blood, sex, and danger
The body as symbol
The body in society and nature: the Andaman Islanders
Fluctuating food, warfare, and fear of fluxing women:
the Bellacoola
Pollution of menstrual blood and sexual intercourse
Male and female worlds
Part I1I: The women’s world
6. The bases for female political and economic power and authority
The ascribed bases for female economic and political authority
The case of the Abipon: female power and the hunter/warrior configuration
The achieved bases for female economic and political power
The ascribed and achieved bases for female public power
and authority and increasing technological
complexity
The decline of the women’s world: the effect of colonialism
The Igbo women’s war
Handsome Lake and the decline of the Iroquois matriarchate
Female power and movement onto the Great Plains:
the Lords of the Plains and the Sacred Buffalo Hat
The movement of foragers into marginal territories.
The relationship between colonialism, a marginal food base,
and female power
Part IV: The dynamics of male dominance and sexual inequality
8. The bases for male dominance
Male dominance: mythical and real
The correlates of male dominance and sexual inequality
Anthropological explanations for male dominance.
From the native’s point of view. Male dominance: part of
a cultural configuration or a solution to stress
9 Why women?
Defining the oppressor
Men, animals, and women: the Mbuti and the Desana
External and internal threats to social survival: mythical
versus real male dominance in the New Guinea highlands
The experience of migration: the Azande versus the Bemba
Conclusion
Part V: Conquerors of the land flowing with milk and honey
Epilogue
The goddess and Yahweh cults in Canaan
Adam and Eve: migrating men and foreign goddesses
In God’s image
The early Christians
Appendixes
A Sample
B Variables
C Analysis of the relationship between environment, fathers’
proximity to infants, and origin symbolism
D. Configurations for the division of labor
E. Construction of the measure for female economic
and political power or authority
Female aggression scale and male dominance measure
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